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Showing posts with label 2007. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 2007. Show all posts

Thursday, February 16, 2023

2007: Local Music Blog to Regional Music Blog

 2007:  Local Music Blog to Regional Music Blog

     In 2007 I had began to make contacts with people in the music business outside of San Diego.  Most significantly, Josh Feingold, who was then working at SESAC to sign new artists, made my acquaintance.  Josh was my ticket to the larger music industry, and his entrance in 2007 marks the beginning of the end of the identity of a "local music blog." 

    I was still very much in San Diego but starting to write about events like Coachella, and had begun getting involved with shows outside San Diego- notably Las Vegas in August of 2007.


Collected Posts February 2007

Show Review:
 fifty on their heels 
@ powder room

or should i say "soon to be discontinued powder room". What's up with that- they booked Flosstradamus, Paparazzi and GUNS N' BOMBS this year, so i don't know what the story is with the "last powder room" business. anyone want to tell me why guns n' bombs is the last powder room?

anyway- fifty played last night b/c it was Stefanie's b day. Stefanie is a member of "Vega Inc." and we all love her (some members of fifty on their heels more than others). most of you probably know stefanie as the door lady for transport and vega's nights @ the beauty bar san diego. or from her work at a salon, or her job at that burger place, or maybe from hPublish Poster studies at UCSD. she is busy, and, as of last night... 22. ha-ha. Happy 22nd birthday, Stefanie.

So basically last night was a special birthday performance. fifty on their heels played 2 new compositions. since we're not going to sxsw, we now have time to finish recording our full length. i was modestly pleased with the thursday night turn out. i think it's impossible to say whether powder room really has any momentum as a night, but they are booking great dj acts. i'm really looking forward to guns n bombs, and i'm wondering who is going to replace powder room. also i'm wondering- does vega book all the musical acts there or what? is he still offically working for the beauty bar- or does he just have a night or two? i find the business relationships of beauty bar san diego to be wholly impenetrable, which is saying something for a criminal defense attorney with experience in white collar crime and the music world. honestly, i would say the lack of clarity lends itself to a nickname like "the beauty bar mafia". not in the organized crime sense, but certainly in the organizational sense, since, like the mafia, the relationships and hierarchy are obscured by a veil.

I mean, let me ask you- who books the casbah? tim mays. who books canes? pamela johnson. A lack of clarity in the booking contact operates to the detrimnet of the venue, all other things being equal. i guess it's all a business/power struggle, but one thing is key- control of the booking calendar is ultimate control. every promoter should be shooting for that.

anyway, from what i heard last night, the songwriting for fifty has grown and matured. the new songs are more "post-punk" then "punk" and have a more ambitious feel to them. junior executed a near perfect spin move (been working on that one, junior?). and i was pleased to see real people mouthing lyrics to songs and enjoying themselves. the crowd grew larger during the set, which was weird.


some people sat at the bar during fifty on their heels set- like--- kid lighting aka jamal aka house of blues booker(?)- that's you in the expos hat? yes? hey man, that's cool. i just wonder what booking at the house of blues san diego even actually does, since 90% of their acts are booked nationally (on tours of other house of blues locations!). i dunno, the bottom line is that i've never met him, so maybe i'll just introduce myself next time. honestly, that probably just means he doesn't like fifty on their heels- i'm cool with that- it's like anya marina. i respect people who aren't afraid to let other people know that they aren't into their sound.

i actually caught his dj set before flosstradamus and i was really impressed- i heard some dj assault, and, i'm thinking- some dj funk, too. ghettotecg 4 eva (disco d rest in peace!). so the fact is, he was there, and he didn't watch the fifty on their heels set. that's all i'm saying. not a big deal, but noted.

like the folks who hang outside during casbah performances- it doesn't matter, all it means is that you don't give a fuck about the band that is playing, and that is the band's problem to deal with- not yours. it's just funny because at SOME shows- that doesn't happen (skull kontrol). the lower the percentage of people not watching the band, the cooler the crowd. how's that for a rule of thumb?

people who only listen to rock music are poor suckers

i really can't emphasize enough how sorry i feel for the poor lonely guys listening to their 7"'s in their bed rooms, unhappy in love and HATING dance music, mostly because they can't tell good dance music from crappy dance music, and also probably because they have never dated a hot chick who is into good dance music, and also probably because they can't dance and they're just dorky, nerdy, guys who think "dance music sucks". no- it is you who suck, not the dance music, and if you can't be bothered to even try a new thing once in a while, well screw you. i've been dealing with guys like you for 15 years now, and all i have to say is "how's that working out for you?" do you like hanging around, glowering, at the casbah? is it fun for you? are you having a good time?




show review:
 mira cook 
@ the habitat



this is mira's official picture from the san diego city ballet website, where she is a dancer and choreographer.

apologies for using the up and up ballet photo, but i can't find a myspace or anything. i will replace it if someone gets me a more appropriate pic.

last night was another show at the habitat- i didn't mention it in advance, because, frankly, they don't need anymore attendees.  the place is packed up!  the habitat is my favorite place to see shows in san diego right now- interesting acts, mellow vibe, great atmosphere.  i didn't really have anything in mind last night when i strolled over around nine, just wanted to see what was up.

what was up was mira cook.  mira cook is a ballet dancer and singer/songwriter.  unlike most singer/songwriter types, mira does not accompany herself on guitar... instead- she uses a looping device to sing along with her own voice.

all in all, i thought she was pretty fucking brilliant- best new artist 2007 san diego music nominee for sure (well, if there is any justice in this world, and we all know there isn't).  stylisticly, she lies somewhere in between vespertine era bjork, steve reich and early liz phair.  is that enough to get you interested?  she was amazing last night.

truly a unique sound and a compelling artistic vision that, in mind view, transcends the parameters of pop music (although there is pop appeal).

i can't wait to see here again- my only question is- when is her next show? everyone needs to see mira cook to get a feel for the eerie power of her songwriting and presentation.


mira cook bed room recordings(?) book of love(cover)(YSI)(MP3)

mira cook bed room recordings(?) track 4(YSI)(MP3)

the relationship between corporations of the cultural industrial complex and authentic sub cultures

A "sub culture" is a group of people who share a common "culture taste". Sub cultures often share unifying characteristics (beyond shared culture taste) like a geographical area or an age group. However, it is the shared culture taste that is the sine qua non of any particular sub culture.

Specific sub cultures most often develop initially around one facet of culture taste (fashion, music, film, art), but more powerful sub cultures will exapnd into new areas of culture taste over time.


The cultural-industrial complex is fully aware of the relationship between sub cultural development and product sales. Sub cultures often embrace certain products well in advance of the culture at large and so can serve as an indicator for future sales. The mandarins of the cultural industrial complex require control and long lead times to bring products to market, and the vagaries of sub cultural taste do not work according to the quarterly reporting requirement of Wall Street. This makes the relationship between the cultural industrial complex and authentic sub cultures uneasy. The cultural industrial complex does not PREFER to deal with sub cultures, rather it will resist a particular sub culture up and until it's "market power" is demonstrated by identifable metrics (sales, most often).

This uneasy relationship between sub cultures themsleve and the cultural industrial complex has produced a recognizable (though highly fluid) class of intermediaries. The intermediaries are publiic relations experts, independent record label owners, advertising executives, guerrilla marketers, venue owners, night life promoters, journalists, radio dj's, graphic designers, etc. etc. etc.

Certain geogrpahical locations become repeat incubators for new sub cultural development. The emergence of new sub cultures as a market force can typicall be traced to a confluence of the sub culture itself, a central hub of a particular culture industry- and- this is the most important part- the presence of intermediaries who simeltaneously maintain spaces in both the sub cultures AND the cultural industrial complex.

The harnessing of a particular sub culture to the propganda organs of a specific culture industry is a significant event, for that is the mechanism by which the "culture taste" of the mass market is changed over time. Any change in the culture taste of the mass market producers new winners and new losers within the mass market. obviously, the corporations which constitute the cultural industrial complex maintain a big advantage, but the most opportunity is presented to those individuals who can influence the decision making process of specifiic culture industry corporations.  The only possible goal for those employed by the corporations is to influence the decision making process. Financial benefits accrue to the top decision makjers of a corporation. Intermediaries are the predictors of the cultural industrial complex. The sub cultures themselves never benefit financially from the dissemination of their particular culture taste to the mass market. They may move on to create new sub cultures or stop particpating in sub cultures (adopting the mass market culture taste laster in life).

For those employed by the corporations of the cultural industrial complex, there is sigificant potential financial/career advantages to maintaing contact with multiple sub cultures, specifically those that create products that could be selected for dissemination by the propaganda organs of the culture industry. Similarly, the actual particpants of the sub culture can only benefit by creating products for the culture industry, OR mimicing the distribution mechanisms of the culture industry.

the pyles session with fifty on their heels

ah the funny part is when justin unpacked his drum kit and found one of his high hats missing. the whole recording was almost cancelled, but ace producer alan sanderson found the needed part in a junk drawer inside the studio and we were all saved from disaster.

can't thank strate sound recording studio enough - they are the fucking bomb. major props to alan sanderson for being the man with the place. and mr. strate- who is clearly a man with excellent taste in music- and he is super into the project.

truckee brothers april... the power chords in june.

the recording session went great- five songs were recorded- i am the riot, holliday, outside world, chickens!, moving on up. it will be on the radio between 8 and 10 PM on sunday. all five songs exist as mp3s.

don't forget to come out tonight to the ken club- fifty on their heels, new motherfuckers and zerox.... should be fun...

show review:
 fifty on their heels,
 the new motherfuckers 
& zerox @ the ken club

thank you to all those who turned out. the show was termed a success by the owner of the ken club. here is what he said to me after the show, "it's really a testament to how well fifty on their heels draws, because you had a band from los angeles and an all ages band before them." he said that to me after the show.

zerox led off- they are the latest offering from the chula vista scene.

i really liked zerox- despite the fact that they can barely play. here's a hint: that's what makes them so cool! the lead singer has charamatic stage presence and a v.v. darby crash vibe, which is cool. hopefully this show will get them more gigs.

new motherfuckers came down from los angeles for this show. i'm trying to develop an audience for them down here by bringing them down repeatedly. i think they are like the talking heads(initial comparison made by josh feingold). there is an incredbile "upside" to the new motherfuckers and any potential album they might put out. i think i'd like to release that album. there were some discussions about it. when i started cat dirt, i thought it would be an exclusively "san diego" record label, but, i'm pretty much over that idea right now. it would be nice to have geographical diversity on the roster of artists- it would be easier to book shows for BOTH bands, and build up awareness of the label OUTSIDE of san diego. so nothing in stone about that-- just a dialogue that's kind of gong on. i told them they would have to change their name to "sunshine dandellion" for the radio play... ha ha.

i was pleased to see tim pyles(94/9), owen salerno(94/9), josh hammond(91x) and rich biacco (union tribune): would have been a great networking opportunity for all the chula vista bands that came and left- but hey- we all know they don't give a fuck whether anyone LIKES them OR NOT.

fifty on their heels shot some footage for a video that's being put together by some "friends" of the band. personally- i don't think "licensed videographer" is a real title, but you wouldn't know it from the way they were throwing that term around the ken club last night. this isn't the sun set strip. shooting on that continues on... um... the city bus system... today. can't wait to see that video. my guess is that it will be wierd and artsy- with tons of punk attitude!

fifty on their heels played a great set to an apprecitive audience. if you haven't seen them in a while you should come out and hear their four new songs- two of which will be on the 7" coming out in april, and two of which are on the pyles session mp3s. now rocking on my last.fm station!

so that's about it- we clocked about 35 or so paid admissions, but with all the comps- at least 50 during the course of the night and the 10-15 people who sneaked in at the end to hear the fifty on their heels set(i saw you, but.. it's cool.) at the end of the night there was a good, apprecative crowd listening to fifty on their heels, the touring band got paid and the owner was pleased and invited us back "anytime". you'll be hearing from me! i have a metal show i want to do! leather nun and buzz or howl! i'm going to hook that up ha ha.

it was cool to see how "hands on" the owner was- he seemed to have a good (market driven) understanding of the local music scene. he was like- "get another local band that has a good draw and you'd really have something." and i was like "i'd rather have this something then a huge night." the point is simply not to lose money, and to have another show. oh- and i fucking HATE having to collect money- but fuck you- it's $5. with the exception of really young kids- to whom i know five bucks is a big deal- the adults- who fucking would like, poke their head in the room, or stand in the doorway listening... are you kidding me? fuck off, alright? they should charge the people in the bar away a separate one dollar cover. that is the one thing i hate about the ken club. but analytically, it's like- a market that you have to try to pull into paying for your show- like- they'll look at the poster and have a little conversation about whether to go in or not. so if you can pull people in from the bar- that is better then having no audience at the venue at all.

oh and zerox is the fucking hotness- they have real authenticity! the singer is like darby crash! you can use those quotes for your myspace blog.

also, i dropped off the masters from the ep off with preston swirnoff(habitat sound system). i bought his new lp, and he said that the next habitat sound system full length is coming out on soul jazz records! fuck yeah! we talked about distribution for cat dirt records - he already has distribution as an ARTIST because he is the shit. that would be a positive step for cat dirt records- but i've been told i need to wait until i have actual product to distribute...

Sessions Fest 2007

Queries:
Will Sessions Fest be free again this year? yes.
Will Sessions Fest be all-ages? yes.
Will Sessions Fest be in golden hill park? we hope
Can I bring food, drinks to picnic at Sessions Fest? yes.
Can I bring my kids to Sessions Fest? yes.
Can I bring my dog(s) to Sessions Fest? yes.
Is there free parking for Sessions Fest? yes.
Will there be bbq and vegan burgers this year? we hope
Who will play Sessions Fest this year? we don't know yet, but here are some of the bands we like: fifty on their heels, the new motherfuckers, the muslims, atoms, the new collapse, vinyl radio, the sess, the bubonic plague, xerox, vision of a dying world, habitat sound system, the prayers, grand ole party, red pony clock, the boyish charms, the power chords, ima fucking gymnist, kite flying society, abe vigoda, society! - who would you like to see?




this girl wins my award for "best passed out person" of the weekend. She wins because 1) face down 2) it's like, four pm on saturday when i took this photo 3) she's passed out oustside the "dome" during a drum and bass dj set! do you know how noisy that is? Plenty noisy.


I liked these cats b/c they had there arms folded across their chest- vampire style. sorry- coffin style. If there is a "look" to have when you are passed out during coachella (hey- just go home!) it is this look. Study it carefully for future reference.



These two are sleeping outside of LCD Soundsystem. Seriously? There is plenty of music I heard at Coachella that made we want to go to sleep, but the outskirts of the Sahara tent- that is not sleepy time territory.


Basically, I grouped every band I saw at Coachella into one of two categories "didn't bore me to death" and "bored me to death." I'm really just looking for someone who can be exciting OR interesting for 20 to 45 minutes. Full sets rarely exceeded forty minutes, and if they do, you leave. Coachella is like an appetizer sampler platter- a musical buffet, if you will. The same rules apply as apply at a buffet: try everything, don't get filled up on one item, don't be the morbidly obese guy or gal that makes everyone uneasy. Only for music not food.


If I could spit out one name for my readership: Soulwax. They were awesome. They were "too many dj's"(are?), used to be on... astralworks? geffen? In some combination. I'm going to get into detail on that partic set- maybe dig up some mp3s, throw up some pics, the whole "mp3 blog" treatment- later in the week.

Ok that's all for now


Previous Cat Dirt 2007 Coachella Coverage: Introduction

san diego's "the prayers" on radio perfik @ littleradio.com TONIGHT!!!

Tune in tonight from 6 to 8 PM to hear Brandon n' Andrew of the Prayers do a l'il acoustic thingamajig and take you aim sent queries:

AIM: Radioperfik
littleradio.com
6-8 PM.

works great w/ Windows Media Player & ITunes both.

show review: the muslims, zerox, fifty on their heels, sundelles @ the che cafe

If you like the Muslims you will like the Sundelles, and that's good news for all you readers of this blog who don't venture to the che for shows- because both bands are playing (with vinyl radio) at the ken club on April 6th. That promises to be a top show- and you'll want to arrive early (10:30) to catch the Sundelles. They are from Riverside/San Diego, and the singer used to play in a band with Matt and Matty from the Muslims, and you can hear it, and it's a good thing.

The Muslims are also on the Mr. Tube/Grand Ole Party (or is that Grand Ole Party/Mr. Tube) bill at the Casbah later this month- sure to be sold out. FYI: G.O.P. did their recording thing in lost angeles earlier this month. Kristin- you had BETTER get me an advance of the mastered tracks or I will be very, very upset.

I was super impressed by David Barclay, who was running the show in the absence of Action Jackson(the promoter). He did a fantastic jobs of managing an... um... tense situation. I think really, all the che needs to do is a better job of communicating to the on campus community that they are putting on good old fashion rock and roll shows. My thought is that the perception on the U.C.S.D. campus is that the Che features obtuse and difficult music, and that maybe more people would come if they knew that the bands were going to be "rock and roll". Maybe not. I think I'll probably focus my all ages show efforts on the Che from here on out.

Fifty played a tight set last night, lack of turn out was a bit of a bummer, though if everyone who was hanging out in the parking lot had come inside, it would have been a decent over-all turnout. I was mystified at the folks who elected to stay in the woods during the Sundelles set- so rude. Fifty is going to play the rythym lounge (3048 Midway Dr San Diego, CA 92110 (619) 224-4835) on March 24th- that is going to be a solo show. Folks in the point loma, p.b., o.b., m.b. areas might take that opportunity to check out fifty in a new venue.

Anddd..... Zeroxxxxx (or xerox)... ha. ha. ha. honestly i don't want to go into it- but i would be pretty suprised if zerox ever shares a bill with any cat dirt affiliated bands or shows ever again. that statement has nothing to do with their music- which i still enjoy. have i compared zerox to the germs before? when i'm around that band i actually feel like i'm in los angeles in the late 70s. not sure i would take that comparison as a compliment, but it's a comparison i feel compelled to make.

Really enjoyed hanging out with the Muslims last night- good group of chaps (and chap-ette).

I would like to work on drawing more UCSD students to the Che by communicating an atmosphere of non-exclusivity. I think that is a feasible stategy over a 12 to 24 month period.

So that's what I have to say- there is so, so, so much more to the narrative from last night, but I'm not going to discuss it here. feel free to ask me in person, but devote a good 10-15 minutes for the ensuing discussion. i will also disclose further information via email, telephone and myspace messages, but none of it will be for publication or re-publication. It's good stuff, though- promise.

Show Review: the clipse, them jeans, mc flow @ belly up tavern in solana beach
can we please stop the hand wringing about the state of hip hop? please. especially you white, college educated types bemoaning the sorry state of rap lyrics. shuuutttttttt upppppppp! there is nothing NOTHING worse then "conscious" hip hop. snooze. conscious hip hop, like most of indie rock, bores me to death. it's popular music- not high art.

here's the problem with, um... every single hip hop/rap show i've ever seen:
fifty guys on stage, all of them with microphones, drowning out the music and making the lyrics unintelligible because all the mcs are shouting at the same time.

one of the reasons i actually enjoy seeing mc flow is because she eschews that approach- you can hear the lyrics, you can hear the music, it's actually a good live performance.

i was a little bit nervous for her performance last night- not sure how she was going to go over with the clipse crowd. of course- it was the clipse at the belly up tavern in solana beach, so no need to worry. there were a fair amount of flow backers in the crowd when she took the stage, and as i circulated through the crowd i heard nary a heckle. kudos to belly up for putting flow on the bill- and thanks to flow for hooking me up with the free ticket.

next up was them jeans- or at least, he was on the bill, but he wasn't there last night. instead we got five rappers from chicago. what's up with the inaccurate posters? i guess them jeans was @ sxsw. then there were two more rappers from nyc- always a good idea to tell the crowd who you are, fellas...

then it was time for the clipse. the first three songs were pretty electric- just the two guys trading verses- good stuff. but then, wouldn't you know it- they brought out the whole re-up gang- four mcs in all, plus one dude who did nothing but stand next to the "dj"(by "dj" i mean guy who was pressing "play" on the cd player and pushing the button that made the bomb explosion sound after each song (original!) hey flow - you need another body on stage? call me!

at that point is was just like every other lame rap concert i've ever been to, so i left. props to the belly up for booking the show in the first place- the crowd was well mannered and well behaved. i read lots of bullshit about venues around town being unwilling to book hip hop shows because it brings in the "wrong" (read "black") element and all I have to say about that issue is fuck you you racist assholes. you obviously don't have a problem booking filthy punk bands whose fans are at least as bad as the hip hop crowd, but somehow that's ok because the punk fans are white.

in 2007 it should be totally fucking obvious that white people listen to rap music as much as black people, and that wealthy yuppies are just as likely to be at a rap concert then poor black kids- probably more so, since a ticket is likely to be $20+ at a venue like fourth and b or house of blues(the house of blues isn't afraid to book rap shows- which is the one good thing about that godforsaken hellhole of a venue)

i picked up the mix tape (cd) they had for sale- $5! i love the psuedo-bootleg mix tape world- i must get myself to fam mart and drop some ducats on some local versions...

the belly up was not packed, but those who were there were enthusiastic. over all, glad i went, but the clipse didn't wow me. flow made it worth the drive - go flow!

Show Review: fifty on their heels, roman spring @ the rhythm lounge

I was reading a book about the emergence of corporate power in the United States, and an interesting observation the author made about the growth of metals processing factories in the 1880s-1890s: growth in productivity came not from expanding the physical size of the factory BUT from increasing the SPEED that the unprocessed parts moved through the factory process; most famous example: The Model T by Ford Motor Company.

So I did a show at the Rythym Lounge (3048 Midway in San Diego, CA) FREE PARKING IN BACK!!! The show featured "an intimate performance" by Fifty on Their Heels as well as special guests The Roman Spring. I didn't really promote the show heavily, or really at all, because first I wanted to confirm that I, myself, could recommend the venue on a personal level (example of venue that does not fit in this category: San Diego Sports Club - but that's just me.) I want a venue with zero drama and zero expectations, but with a decent sound system and a convienient location. The Rhythym Lounge is arguably as convenient to the downtown area as the Beauty Bar San Diego, and in the same general direction as the Casbah. It is also closer to the Beach Communities of Point Loma, Ocean Beach, Pacific Beach and Mission Beach. I think, probably that high attendance could be generated in the Point Loma area, since they have a well developed, wealthy demographic- ha ha.

So- yeah- I had a great time last night. I know San Diego crowds dig "novelty" more then anything else in their uniquely southern california psyche- so probably the strongest pitch is go get out there and judge for yourself.

On Friday night, I was shooting the shit with a couple of independent label owners from San Diego and they were talking about how fucking important it is for the band itself to be "hustling". Although at the time I kind of felt compelled to leap to the defense of bands ("they're young", "they're artists") I have to say that at the very minimum, as a record label- it is safe to say that every label looks for a band that seeks active control and expansion of their career. A "lazy" band carries little sale potential, simply because the promotional effort to sell records need to be accompanied by the dedication of time on the part of the band. Thus, even if a record reaches a certain plateau, the failure of band members to increase their promtional efforts would limit further growth.

And bands- ask yourself... at the shows I'm getting- do I control the door money? do i get a piece of the bar? Is the show on a FRIDAY or SATURDAY night? And most importantly- do I get to control the line up? I really can't emphasize the last point enough. so important- ESPECIALLY FOR THOSE LAST MINUTE SHOWS... You want a place that's available on a week night, so you can at least get your friends out for really cool bands. At the Rythym Lounge, you have to pay the door guy $50 and you don't get part of the bar- but it's so easy. And that's what all bands want, right? For stuff to be easy?

Unforch Cat Dirt is going to largely unavailable in April, but I am going back to the rythym lounge...

I saw Roman Spring for the first time last night. They reminded me of Vinyl Radio, and further, of the Strokes. They played Pop Rocks but I'm thinking- Anti-Monday League? They brought people out- I will say that much for them. They are a four piece- kind of laid back guys. The singer is younger. I liked four of their six songs- but I'd like to see them with a Casbah level sound guy...

Fifty on Their Heels was "flamboyantly entertaining". Junior managed to get onto the bar and do a step or two. We really need to work on that bit- it's a good one. Much potential. I'm getting the 7" next week, then begins the difficult process of obtaining "distribution" and "promoting" the record- but I figure I'll do that in the next 4-6 weeks before the "release" date. Do you understand that the major labels "work" a release 9 months before it hits the stores? 9 months- just waiting for the finished album to come out. Yikes.

Attendance was poor (not like the Sold Out by 11 PM? Grand Ole Party show at the Casbah.) But you know- here's the down side to the Casbah: You will never, ever, get to book "your own" show there- with your own line up. And being able to provide a GOOD SHOW for a TOURING BAND is the most useful thing you can be doing with shows in San Diego that in all other respects are leading you nowhere. And to do that, you need to have access to venue on short notice, and control over the line up.

Out of Town and Local Bands need to cooperate on shows in San Diego to generate continuing opportunities for those same bands OUTSIDE San Diego. If you can provide a good show in San Diego- a credible show- then that should be your abiding local show goal.

show review: nurses @ tim pyles anti monday league (the casbah)

fact: nurses sound like new motherfuckers. let me get out my "they sound like early talking heads." poster. I'm a, lugging it in from the other room now.... ah- there. they have a full length cd out, and a management deal. and i'm thinking fifty on their heels and nurses @ the ken club in mid may?

elements: off kilter drum beats, organ music, wierd electronic percussion, guitar playing, nerdy funkiness. reference points: !!!, The Rapture, Foreign Islands, They Might be Giants, New Motherfuckers. They should play the Beauty Bar immeditately!

they are from temecula. don't sleep on nurses! Tim Pyles gets FULL CREDIT for straight up saying "nurses are the shit" in february during the Fifty on Their Heels show.

Hey did I mention they drew fucking huge? Place was packed. Pretty cool looking crowd, if you ask me. Maybe that draw is Buddy Akai's draw- but people were totally into Nurses.

Sorry, again, to Buddy Akai. Someday our paths will intersect... and then... then... Mexico...

Coachella:  Super Secret Shortcut Drive / Back Route

For all of our lovely readers, here's the catdirt super secret shortcut back route into coachella - no traffic, no joke! it's always worked like a darling lil charm for team catdirt - we love driving in refreshed having spent nary 30 minutes in the car while everyone else spent 3 hours slogging it out in traffic. coachella is sold out all three (3) days so don't be a sucker -

Traffic on the freeway the closer you get to Coachella, we hear, is a nightmare - we usually stay in Palm Springs the night before at Casa Catdirt - so if you're driving from San Diego or Los Angeles the day of the show, our advice is to get into Palm Springs, off the main freeway as soon as possible - on the 111 and drive surface streets from there

From Palm Springs -

Take Hwy 111 South/East direction Indio
Turn Right on Washington
Turn Left on Avenue 52
From there, follow signs/policemen into the various parking lots



****remember to take very good note of where you are parked****


Map of Catdirt Coachella Shortcut

hey and when you see us at coachella, go ahead, buy us a drink in the beer garden - you'll be loving us, trust us.

xo

team catdirt

show review: 94/9 Big Day Out Segment 1: The Prayers & Bloody Hollies @ House of Blues(San Diego)

Thought I should give the Bloody Hollies an actual listen, since this blog has slagged them mercilessly. Well, not that mercilessly. Wanted to beseech forgiveness from Garrett of 94/9. And it was at the House of Blues from 10 to 2 PM on a Saturday morning. Can't get more mellow than that. I want to listen to bands in my living room. Habitat! We're coming for you!

Got a chance to actually speak with Garrett, so hopefully it will be all kisses and moonbeams from here on out. Cat Dirt Sez is such an insignificant speck of dust in the cosmos. I told Garrett how awesome I think 94/9 is, and we talked about the "Rise of the Silver Sun Pick Ups." I... don't... want... to get any more specific than that. That is rule number one when it comes to "insider" news- don't let the wrong cats out of the wrong bags! Lyn Chickrawker was there- she helped facilitate the introduction, as did Tim Pyles. Tim is great, but if you read this blog or actually know Tim, you know that.

Missed most of The Prayers set (buying 12 three ring binders at office depot!) but the song I heard ("Clandestino" from the "God Save the Prayers" EP) sounded fantastic. The sound was better today then I've ever heard it at the House of Blues- must have been the 94/9 sound guy?

In between sets I had a v.v. awkward introduction to the Bloody Hollies:
Them: "So you hate us..."
Me: "Really it's my wife."
Them: "Well, we're not bad guys."
Me: "Well, I'm here, you know... to listen."

That was preceded by an even more awkward introduction of me and Lyn to the assembled 94/9 listeners. I was greeted with a sole hiss! Seriously. I live for those moments. social awkwardness never dies.

The Bloody Hollies have a most unlikely looking lead singer- I would never have guessed in a million years that he was the singer. They are a tight garage rock/punk four piece, kind of in the vein of rockabilly with some impressive vocal work. I can see why Europe loves them, and how they might have developed that sound in Buffalo, and why they might have moved to the San Diego area. Obviously, they won the San Diego Music Award. I guess the bottom line is that I don't see them that actively involved in the local music environment, but whatever- they tour europe and shit, so I guess they don't have to deal. It was nice for them to introduce themselves.

It's not really my genre of music- but I can see why 94/9 likes them- kind of like a Social Distortion kind of vibe? Fun, sloppy, rock and roll that isn't too exclusive? I don't really listen to this type of music so its hard to provide any kind of review.

I had to split half way through the set. Garrett gave the "big day out" idea credit to Owen Salerno. Great idea... I wish I could pull something like that off. The "rumor" is that the Silversun Pick-Ups are the "surprise" act tonight, which Rosey has been posting about for weeks, weeks people. I'm not going.

Blood Brothers/Mika Miko After Party $5/Beauty Bar San Diego- come prepared to drink. and stay late.

There Will be No "Live Blogging" of Coachella from THIS blog...



Cat Dirt's sitemeter for the last year or so.

Oh My God- Mark Ronson(f. Lily Allen

All I'm saying about Lily Allen is that she's poppy and quirky.  This song has fm radio quality.  Those horns in the hook!  Lily Allen on the vox!  Huh. Mark Ronson is kind of a douche, though.

Mark Ronson's Wiki Entry Makes Me Hate Him


Oh man do I hate "live blogging."  I look at that particular aspect of the blogging phenomenon and I'm like "fuck, maybe blogs ARE as super lame as regular journalists say they are."  Everytime I read a "live blog" of ANYTHING I want to gouge my eyes out with a melon scooper (followed by putting my eyes in an industrial strength blender with some peach sorbet, vanilla vodka, and a touch of cream to create a delicious summer drink).

So: Live Blogging, don't do it.

Honestly, I don't know if there is anything fresh to say about Coachella except the fact that it has peaked.  This could be the year.  Proposed Headilne: "I'm never going to coachella again"?  We'll see.

In the interest of saving everyone time, I will write a review of tonights Jesus and Mary Chain show in Pomona:

Jesus and Mary Chain
The Glass House
Pomona
4/26/07


For those who've never been, the Glass House in Pomona is a super cool venue.  It reminds me of the Casbah and the OLD 9:30 club in DC.  Super inimate.  The JAMC show was my first visit.  Unforch, got there too late to see Icarus Line.  Mega Bummer! I'd heard great things about them.

In honor of "Coachella Weekend" I ordered a super fruity drink at the bar.  Swear to god, bartender didn't bat an eye lash. I love Los Angeles/Greater Los Angeles Area.  Before the JAMC set the talk was mostly focused on how long it would take us to drive to Coachella afterwards (60 min! 90 min! 120 min!).  This despite my REPEATED attempts to focus the conversation on the fact that my "reporting" of ScarJo had merited me mention on mtv and nme (I know! right? It IS amazing.)  Nobody really shared my excitement other then the obligatory rolling of the eyes, sighing and muttering of "that's really FANTASTIC for you."  Now I know how Pete Wentz feels all the time.

JAMC came on super, duper late, but everyone (all Coachella-ites, I'm thinking) was mellow and a'networking up a storm during the interval.  Hell- I got there after icarus line so who knows how long it took.

Anyway, they came out and were, for the most part, decent.  I kind of compare it to...um... New Order at Coachella?  Though some of it was more like Gang of Four at Coachella. I don't want to piss off the die hard JAMC fans out there (Some Candy Talking, what?). So I'll just leave it at that.



7/6/7 Mexicali Show, originally uploaded by catdirtrecords.
Shows here start latteeeee.... like 11 PM, fyi if you want to check it out.

Greg Ashley (gris gris frontman) (Oakland)
Los Sweepers (Calexico/SD)
The Okmoniks (Tucson)

from Intertate 8 take 111 South until you hit the border
when you hit the calexico/mexicali border crossing, pick the border checkpoint on the left, stay on your leftest lane
once you cross stay on that lane because there is a fork and you wanna stay on the left side of the fork
you'll go straight on that street (which is called Madero),for about 2-3 miles
you hit the Justo Sierra stoplight, turn right
turn left on the Av. Cuauhtemoc stoplight
as soon as u turn go right into the first driveway/shopping center
Velouria bar is there

7/5/7: Death Set @ Scolari's or "The Office"
death set (baltimore) negative thinking (music video)


7/5/7
Death Set
@ Scolari's Office

don't miss this cool act from baltimore at San Diego's very best venue... from the same scene that brought you pony tail, dan deacon, video hippos, etc.

weekend schedule




Well, if you're not going to the great get back loretta, silent comedy, dirty sweet triple bill at SOMA (as the Union Tribune Street blog seems to be recommending (?- have we learned NOTHING???), this weekend is shaping up to be killer.

I wanted to tell everyone about Little Radio Summer Camp with Great Northern, the Upside Down, and CoCo B's on Sunday from 12 to 6 PM in Los Angeles.  The Little Radio venue is in the beating heart of the warehouse district of Los Angeles is a unique place to take in a show.  And- AND! It's filled with tons of hipsters.

I did a radio show there the "morning after" one of these shows and it looked like complete fucking mayhem.  The new years eve party I went to last year (see above picture and accompanying photo set on flickr) was pure mayhem.

You can get there by mapquesting this address:
1210 Long Beach Ave, Los Angeles, CA.

Once you get there you can just buy a ticket.   However- the event is from 12-6pm. So- early start time.

As for San Diego- you know you need to DO WHAT IS RIGHT.  Don't go see Dirty Sweet at SOMA, don't go see the show that cancelled at the Casbah on Saturday- the headliner cancelled, aight?

Friday night- it's Vinyl Radio, Fifty on Their Heels and The Dirty Novels @ the Ken Club.  It's going to be a blast.  The Dirty Novels- from albuequerque new mexico- are a must see. $5- and don't even give me that guest list crap if you get there after 10 PM.  And please do not shame our city by ignoring the touring band. Hey! Pay Attention!

Saturday night- this is going to be a really fun night at the Beauty Bar San Diego.  Anyone who was at the Battles show last week know how fun the Beauty Bar can be when the energy is right- and I want the energy to be right for this event.  This may be your first and only chance for cat dirt to secure a shot at the promoting big time (ha, ha, ha), and I know for a fact that the Beauty Bar gives promoters ONE chance! ONE!

Let's look at the competition on Saturday night:

Berlin @ House of Blues.  Ok- this is a real listing.
Transport presents The Soft.Lightes @Whistle Stop. hahahahahahahahahahahahaha. Well- it'll be sooooo crowded- what a bummer.  You won't even be able to see him.

So- on friday and saturday night- make the right decision.

TONIGHT: Skull Cat Control @ Beauty Bar San Diego


skull cat control, originally uploaded by catdirtrecords.
featuring
Fifty on Their Heels
The Vultures
et Skull Kontrol Dj's
cupcakes!
dancing!
9 PM
get there early
stay late
dance dance dance
and fucking drink a ton.... please.

I'll never get another chance if this night doesn't go well- that's just a fact.

Last night was fine, not great.  I don't know why the staff at the ken club treat the bands and promoters like such dog shit.  It really doesn't make any sense to me.  It doesn't really bother me- except I feel bad for the bands, because they don't deserve to be treated like crap when they are drawing people to the bar.

We drew 60 paid, 25 comped, and maybe 40 people in the bar area who stayed all night but never paid to go the show.  An Ok night- better then the rythym lounge shows (which draw about 50 total, paid plus unpaid).

One of the guys from The Roman Spring was there- check them out at the Casbah this week- I know I'm going.  Joey Guevara and Molly Rose stopped by- Molly's new band Roses on Her Grave is playing next... friday night at the tower bar with Scarlet Symphony and... the Scene(los angeles).  Amanda and Heather from San Diego House Parties showed up- Heather is working with the people at the Mount Helix venue- they are planning something fun for october...  Rosey Dialed In showed up- super pissed off about Band of Horses.  Fuck those guys- who the fuck do they think they are?  Total Bullshit.

The sound last night was terrible- apologies- not sure what's up with that- the ken club is so hit or miss with the sound quality.  HOWEVER- buy some fucking earplugs if you are going to come out, aight?  It's just good to have them. Don't show up to the club and then complain becaus the rock music is "too loud"- that makes you look like a sucker.

The Dirty Novels were super professional... Pablo asked if they were supposed to play on the tiny stage inside the bar.  When I laughed he said "oh we play stages that small all the time" and then I said, "Yeah- so do we."  The crowd was respectful and appreciative of their  glammy/dirty rock stylings.  Pablo exudes quite a presence both on and off stage.  I would recommend them highly to rock promoters in the southern California area- and they rule nothern new mexico with an iron fist, so they are a pretty good band to hook up in your town.  Pablo said they had just gone out to new york and were coming back out in the fall- so you'll get another chance to check them out.

Fifty and Vinyl did their magic.  It's a pretty good one-two local punch.  It was Matt's b day so CDW made up some cup cakes and handed them out to the crowd.  We're like family.  Thanks everyone for coming out- sorry the sound was so bad. I try the best I can.

Show Review: 
The Vultures, The Roman Spring 
w/ Skull Kontrol DJ's @ the Casbah















As I've said to Tim Pyles about fifteen times, "Tim Mays should start other "franchises" on the Casbah's "weak/week nights"(i.e. tuesday, wednesday, thursday) similar to the Anti Monday League- i.e. local bills when there is "nothing" on the calendar, and totally kick ass touring shows when the opportunity arises.  That way, you maintain some awareness of the night itself, building "brand" identity for say, wednesday at the casbah, and then when you get a good touring act you just kill it.  

I've got lots of ideas, and lots of advice, just read this posts and my past, even more so with the earlier posts, some ideas are good, some ideas are bad - Matty, I browbeat you with ideas because I care.  If I'm not barraging you and your band/club/radio station/publication with ideas and "advice" then it means I pretty much don't give a fuck about what you're doing right now and/or I'm taking a break from harassing you (Troy - I'm giving you a month off for summer).

So "Skull Kontrol Wednesday".  That's one extension of the Anti Monday league concept.  Of course, Tim Mays still calls the shot- if a touring band is in town, that show gets booked and the local stuff does not.

As it stands, the opening band on a three band bill a the casbah on a bad night really takes it in the chin.  Such was the case for the Roman Spring, who played an (unphotographed?) show with Fifty on Their Heels @ the Rythym Lounge under the august "banner" of Cat Dirt Presents.  Not sure if this was their casbah debut or not.  They opened with the single. That single was the "local member of the day" song over at ye' olde' 94/9.

Hey guys- here's a tip for that local page- "dynamic content" i.e updates on a regular basis. Like- instead of just adding the Local Member of the Day to a web page, make it- I don't know- a blog entry or something.  With a link to their myspace page.  What would that take- 5 seconds for intern?  No?  It will increase your web traffic and help you sell more ADS.

Frankly, I was looking forward to seeing them after the Rythym Lounge, which- fyi has TERRIBLE sound.  Do I have to buy equipment and shit?  That's one reason to play the casbah over some... other venue... people are more likely to listen to you if the sound is GOOD, as supposed to TERRIBLE.

The focus point of the Roman Spring is the 19 year old (boy) singer who has a kind of croon/warble that- coupled with his flannel shirts- can we work on that look? reminded me of... I dunno... Silverchair?  That's not an insult, I hope.

The band is comprised of the bassist- fuck- forgot his name- who is a cool guy, has a connection to... Capicorn? studios? Here in town.  They have a second guitarist- the singer plays guitar. Drummer, of course.  One idea would be to try to let the singer perform without the guitar- I GENERALLY support that concept (Kristin- it can't hurt to TRY it, at least... in practice? just to see how it feels?)  

I have pretty much come to the conclusion of any potential commercial success (i.e. record deal, publishing deal, maangement, etc) is based on the presence of charisma on the part of one of the band members.  If you're going to play the "big stage" you need someone prancing around on stage like a demented elf.

The jammy alt rock sound shows some promise.  I wanted more angularity.  Angular gutiar?  I love that characteristic, and the funky jammy Roman Spring parts left me yearing for great angularity.  And they should play their single- "Pain" LAST not first. Hello?

IN BETWEEN SETS:  I talked to Branden, Andrew- has anybody seen his "posse"?, Mario, Natalie, Kristin- "Our album is coming out... at... the...end of august? i think."  Kristin has now assumed ownership of Branden's trademark Palestinian head scarf.  

The big reason I went to Casbah last night was to see the Vultures.  And to browbeat Matty from the Muslims about the possible las vegas showcase from 8/7 to 8/10 (possible).  Matty, I got the sense, did not appreciate the browbeating ("We have to write some fucking songs!").  Anyways- people have been giving Vultures crap here and elsewhere- and fuck that.  Personally, I love the Vultures.

1)  Chuck Rowland is a sneering, inspired punk front man with quality, first rate front man moves.  Given some of the criticism directed his way ("Wa. He plays cover songs.", "Wa he incorporates elements of others performance style.")  Hey you scenester fucks fuck off.  What the fuck?  You all love Junior from Fifty on Their Heels- or maybe you don't but- what exactly is the problem here?

I thought his performance last night was great- I love it how he slams the mic stand into the stage at the beginning of each song in time with the first note.  Now is that his move, or what?  Either way- it doesn't matter- it's a GOOD move, and I've never seen it before.  You know- I'm just a simelpton who likes the Velvet Underground.

2) The backing band is impeccable- Dan Wise (Kill Me Tomorrow, Starlite Lounge) is an impeccable bassist.  Jimmy Vulture (guitarist) and Nick Lennen (drums) were also directly on point, showing skills that place the band- aside from Chuck Rowland in the upper echelon of San Diego rock acts.  

In fact, I think they should bring cback "Chuck Rowland and the Vultures", and make it a more anatagonisitic relationship during the set.  I thought Jimmy's guitar work was really good- Junior has to play guitar and sing at the same time, and that necessarily impacts the guitar work.  In that way the Vultures and Fifty on Their Heels are different.  Jimmy also uses... pedals.  So mysterious? What do they all do?  Last night was the first time I can recall seeing a guitarist playing with pedals and being like "oh cool."

3) The songs are good.  No one is trying to deny that there are covers intermixed- even if I am not sophisticated enough to catch them.  But who gives a fuck?  Bitter scenesters, that's who.

4) I would think that this would be a band that would do very well with the "kids" because of some of it's broader elements.  They would be a good pick up for a booking agency- especially since you could probably get them on the next locust tour or some girls or whatever.  But- the broadness of it- is the key.

Anyways, I'D go to see the Vultures at SOMA or Epicentre.  And they should play LA- have they played LA yet? Part Time Punks? I don't know.

Show Review:  Wild Weekend @ CHOB; Five Minutes of Gabe Vega's B Day Bash; Drive Bys: Tower Bar, Pink Elephant

JFCD and JGFJFCD are in town for the weekend. They didn't even get to sd until 930 PM, so I went to see all girl Zero's cover band "Wild Weekend" at the CHOB. Wild Weekend features Kelly Alvarez, Maren Squiddo and the two ladies from the Atoms. The Zero's are a 70s(?) Chula Vista(?) punk band that sound like... a punk band from the 70s. The crowd was large and appreciative- the Chula Vista scene was in the fucking house: The Sess (record release party at the Tower Bar 8/10 w/ Vision of A Dying World), Atoms were most def. in the house, Power Chords of course and the various and sundry CV scene stars that I know an love. But no Chad? Where was Chad? Atoms and PChords are heading to Seattle and back. Let me know about the "new venue" in Tacoma guys- you're living my dream! I want to be a "tour manager" on a tour up to Seattle and back.

It was good to see Kelly Alvarez perform, live, for the first time ever. More of that. Wild Weekend is playing Sessions Fest. Sessions Fest is 9/15. Non CV personalities- Bart Mendoza and Anna Troy-- anyone else notice that they hang out a lot? Corvinas were representing- check out Kadan next thursday 7/19- with Fifty on Their Heels- the flyer is up in the gallery. If you haven't seen the Corvinas yet, you are sleeping. Garage Mex is the shit. The Corvinas are comers.

JFCD wanted to see the Beauty Bar San Diego for the first time, so we drove over. I was hoping I could at least say "happy birthday" to Vega, but I didn't actually see him- or saw him from afar. Beauty Bar was a mad house- we listened to New Order (natch) and walked out after five minutes- nothing personal. Happy Birthday to Gabe Vega- he just turned 26!

Drove by Tower Bar- looked crazy. Drove by Pink Elephant- looked crazy. What's up with everyone being out the weekend I want to go out? Ended up at Hamiltons saw had a beer, ate mexican food went to bed.

Cat Dirt House Party tonight. Invite only. What's up with tonight? It's totally wack- thus- the house party.

Show Review: 
 Daft Punk Los Angeles & David Beckham

I don't believe in taking pictures for my blog anymore. It's like- if you need a picture of a running polar bear- just find a picture- don't fly to the arctic, rent a helicopter, and chase down a polar bear with your enormous telephoto lens- just- you know- find another picture.

Went to the David Beckham debut at Home Depot Center in lovely, lovely Carson Califorina- then followed it up with a quick jaunt up the 110 (through South Central Los Angeles- Slauson holla!) and to Daft Punk Los Angeles Sports Arena (USC Campus). A fun day, to be sure.

The LA Galaxy v. Chelsea game was at 530 PM. Parking was $20! The Home Depot Center is on the campus of Cal State Dominguez Hills (WTF?) but is totally state of the art, and reminded me or REAL socccer stadia I've been to in the past- like Chelsea's snug little place in London. Soccer stadia tend to be smaller as a rule- 25K instead of 50k- even for the biggest teams. Anyway- the design of the Home Depot Center is first rate, the only bummer was a single ATM within walking distance. Since parking was $20 I had to use it, because parking at Daft Punk was $15.

The atmosphere inside was very jovial- it was interesting to see 1) Chelsea Supporters! 2) Old v. New Galaxy Fans. I was literally stunned to see the number of "fans" who were, in fact, wearing David Beckham jerseys- the sporting equivalent of "wearing the t shirt of the band you're going to see." Also, lots of guys in tucked in polo shirts and $400 expertly shredded jeans. Also interesting to hear so many british accents.

The Chelsea fans sang songs and shit- the Galaxy fans did nothing. Get on that! A cheer? something? although the Galaxy fans in the bleachers did stomp their feet to create a racket, there's nothing like a good soccer jeer/cheer. Maybe Chivas games would be more "soccery"? Anyways- I'm looking at buying tickets on stub hub, so count that a success. thanks to jfcd for the ticket hook-up, 7th row off the field, what!? also fun was the 24 oz. beers served in large plastic cups for $12. although your beer gets warmer faster in a big cup, there's something satisfying about a large beer in your hand watching a bit of footie.

After the game it was total mayhem in the parking lot but we managed to navigate down Avalon Blvd (or should I say North) and were quickly on the 110N- which runs from pretty much straight through the beating heart of downtown los angeles. The freeway has these massive public transportation stations that rise up from between the two sides of the 110- and I had never seen anything like them in Los Angeles before. I certainly don't use the 110N. Got freeways on the brain, it seems.

Daft Punk totally sold out the Los Angeles Sports Arena. It was quite an impressive display- getting 8K or whatever Southern Californians (and beyond- Phoenix? holla?) whipped up into a frenzy using the following elements:
1. electronic music.
2. triangle with screens on it
3. colored lights
4. two guys dressed in robot suits.

It kind of represents a culmination of a process that can be traced at least back to the "be-ins" of San Francisco, through the club culture in London, Paris and Berlin, with, of course, a heavy, heavy, heavy dose of american arena rock culture. And really- now that you're thinking about it- doesn't the entire process that began with Daft Punk and led to Justice a more or less conscious(i.e. manipulative) attempt to generate a music genre that will appeal to a mass american audience? Mull it over- I think the answer is "yes". And you know what- MORE POWER TO THEM. I wish Daft Punk 100 dates of sold out arena tour in the U.S. more than anything.

Signs of the conscious effort at work were most at issue during the inter set dj performance by Kavinsky and/or Sebastian. A fairly benign set of French electro house bangers veered into the slightly insane with a "remix/edit" of Rage Against the Machine's anthem... I don't know the song title- the one where he screams in the chorus (okay, okay, "killing in the name of"). But it seemed like every head/fist in the audience was banging/pumping - 20 minutes away from the head act, with the house lights on. It was refreshing to be around people, even where we were in the loge seats (behind frankie chan), who were into the music, dancing like it was their last. The genuinely enthusiastic response of the sold out crowd is credit to the fact that these guys- (these guys = two members of daft punk and their manager/ed banger record label owner busy p) have figured out how to sell electronic music to American audiences. In fact, I would go so far as to say-- they thought about this a lot, and the Daft Punk arena show is itself the culmination within a culmination.

Simply put- the whole thing is brilliant, and very, very commercially effective. Arena rock itself should take note of this commercial and "artistic" success- and ask itself the question- Why can't there be more arena rock shows that are as financially lucrative and artistically successful as a daft punk show?

How does something like last night even happen in the modern day music/culture industry? Daft Punk had little advertising, no record out, hasn't played america more then once in the last decade, never charted(?), not on the radio, had a couple minor hits, been sampled by a couple of rap artists.

All I can say is- it's a credit to the artist and, I think, to the management- for using the Ed Banger label as a sort of advance force/precursor that undoubtedly successfully "sold tickets" to the Daft Punk concert.

I'll leave the musical descriptions to those, perhaps, who witnessed the show for the first time last night. I will say I thought this performance surpassed their Coachella performance. The crowd was bigger and more into it, the set was longer, and the lights and color show was more fully developed.  We left drenched, sore and tired but in awe and inspired. Sessions Fest anyone?


LV-Flyer-Web, originally uploaded by catdirtrecords.

Well those skullz may go to San Francisco but that's no fun anyways. Please to inform that on THURSDAY NIGHT Beauty Bar Las Vegas will have its socks rocked off by two sd bands, one partial sd band and one band from la that I like. With Disc Jockey's Edgartronic, CDW & Junior Metro, taking place as part of the Amplify! Music Festival.

Congratulations to the Atoms (Best Rock Band) and Fifty on Their Heels (Best Punk Band) for their just announced nominations in the 2007 San Diego Music Awards. Drinks are on me, guys...

This SHOWCASE is presented by Cat Dirt Records, SESAC ("The artist right's society that isn't suing everyone right now") and the lovely Beauty Bar chain. Kiss, kiss Beauty Bar- you can keep me outta San Diego, but not outta Vegas.


Saturday, June 04, 2022

Collected Writing on World History: 2007-2011



Collected Writing on World History: 2007-2011

There was a period, after I stopped writing about local music, where I had the idea that I would write about ancient history. What I found out is that, once you cover the one or two generally available overview books on a specific subject in ancient history or prehistory, you hit a brick wall, even in the internet era, because after you read the one or two books you can buy off amazon or check out from the library, everything is either in a specialist journal or in a book that costs a hundred bucks. And again, it is a subject that doesn't really change over time.

Published 8/5/7
The Year 1000
by Robert Lavey and Danny Danizger




Bath Roman Statue, originally uploaded by saridder.

     I bought this book at one of those Crown Books Remainders stores that pop up every so often in your run down mini malls and vacant storefronts. In fact, this book still bears the twice marked down price tag on the front. I know, based on the price tag that I paid $5 for this book in 2005 and two years later- it is time to actually read The Year 1000: What Life Was Like At the Turn of the First Millennium, An Englishman's World." The awkward title conceals what is a tidy little book, concerned with exactly what it says it is concerned with- the everyday life of an Englishman in the year 1000.
    Clocking in at an expeditious 300 pages, The Year 1000 belongs more to the category of secondary/popular history then as a work of primary history. The pages are dotted with anecdotes that will be familiar to those who have read some of the more familiar classics in the history of the period (R.W. Southern's The Making of the Middle Ages, to name one obvious example). To their credit, authors Lacey and Danziger do cite to their authority.  

   The Year 1000 was published in 1999, and it was clearly written & published in some kind of misguided attempt to cash in on the Y2K fears (remember Y2K?) Despite the repeated shout outs, The Year 1000 doesn't at all mention the hysterics that engulfed parts of the European Continent for the turn of the first millennium. Of course, this is a book about ye olde England- not the continent, and at England at this time the exact method for calculating dates hadn't been quite settled on as of yet. All that finality would wait for the Norman invasion in 1066.

But what generalizations can one make about life in England in the Year 1000?
1. Rural.
2. Simple.
3. Times of plenty were alternated with times of starvation on a yearly basis, depending on when the crops were harvested.
4. Hygiene had not yet been invented.
5. The English liked a ribald riddle.
6. Everyone dressed like the characters from Monty Python's The Search for the Holy Grail (the book actually says this) only the outfits were a bit more colorful then you might at first expect.


Published 7/24/09
The Kingdom of the Hittites (1998)
by Trevor Bryce



Technically a "neo-Hittite" lion, but whatever.

     Here's a tip if you are going to delve into non-fiction: "Try not to read crap." Can't over-emphasize that point. People put out a lot of shitty books and non-fiction is not exempt. As in collecting music, the intelligent reader should be cognizant of who is putting out the book. For example, if Oxford University Press puts out a book, I know it won't be filled with crazy bullshit. It may be a little stodgy stylistically, but I don't read non-fiction for style, I read it for facts.
    I wanted to do a Friday book review for Kingdom of the Hittites to rave about it, basically. There aren't many books where I read it, put it down and say 'Ah, perfect" but such is the case with The Kingdom of the Hittites by Trevor Bryce. It is possibly the only book anyone should ever have to read about the Hittite empire and yet it packs greater pound-for-pound "wow" punch then any other book I can remember reading.
    Perhaps the signal highlight of Kingdom of the Hittites is the Chapter on Troy (fabled local of Homeric myth.) Early on Bryce argues that the Kingdom identified by "Ahhiyawa" was actually the Mycenaean Empire of the pre-Greek bronze age. Later he introduces us to a man named Piyamaradu(Paris???): he's a rogue prince in conflict with both the Hittite King an the Ahhiyawa king, who may or may not be the Homeric Agamemnon.
    Ultimately, he sees The Odyssey as a weaving together of several disparate attacks on the city of "Troy" by both Hittites and Mycenaean/Greeks that happened over a lengthy period. It's pretty heady stuff, and in his recent book Travelling Heroes Robin Lane Fox confirmed as much (which is where I read about this book originally.)
   Running a close second is his theory that the fall of the Hittite empire was triggered by a drought, and resulted in the migration of several central Indo European/Anatolian peoples to new locations in the Mediterranean basin, perhaps directly spawning the Etruscans in north-central Italy and creating whole tribes of Pirates who show up in Egypt, Crete and Mycenae as the so-called "Sea People."
   And it's not a long book- the whole thing wraps up in about 400 pages. And there is nothing to follow up on- every source cited is either in a specialist publication, written in German or written in Turkish.
    Finally, the Hittites are a very important link in the dissemination of cultural ideas from East to West. They were in regular contact with the Mycenaean empire. It's something that is completely at odds with the picture presented by Mycenaean experts, who portray that culture as having little contact with the Anatolian sub-continent.


Minotaur///\\Labyrinth (9/4/09)



MINOTAUR



LABYRINTH



MINOTAUR


(MINOTAUR DOCUMENTARY)


Published 9/17/09
Mesopotamia: Reason, Writing and the Gods
by Jean Bottero




Sumerian/Akkadian figures

Books Discussed

History Begins at Sumer by Samuel Kramer
Mesopotamia: Reason, Writing and the Gods by Jean Bottero,
translated by Zainab Banhrani and Marc Van De Mieroop

       I think in terms of cheap hipster points, ancient Mesopotamia is under-developed. Who occupies the field? A couple of death metal bands and the Vice documentary film about contemporary heavy-metal Iraqi guys? It's fertile ground, simply because a) there is a lot of it b) it's really strange c) no one has heard of it. Meme gold.
       However there are pot holes on the road to wisdom, and History Begins at Sumer, previously reviewed here, is one of them. What a boring book! I found it excruciating. History Begins at Sumer is the academic equivalent of a decades old Readers Digest: Dumbing it Down American Style. History Begins at Sumer is dated and not worth reading.
        On the other hand, Bottero's Mesopotamia, published in 1995 by the University of Chicago, is literally a breath of fresh air, and is clearly aware of History Begins at Sumer's popularity, and basically mocks it, which is awesome, because he's right. Even though it is translated from the French, the simplicity and clarity of Bottero's argument is more akin to the Annalist movement of French history then the stinking wasteland of French cultural theory/philosophy.
     Which all goes to say: READ BOTTERO'S BOOK AND NOT HISTORY BEGINS AT SUMER!!!

Published 5/25/10
The Origins and History of Consciousness
by Erich Neumann
Princeton University

The number one fact you need to know about The Origin and History of Consciousness by Erich Neumann is that the author is a disciple of Carl Jung, the Swiss psychiatrist. Carl Jung was the creator of analytical psychology or “Jungian psychology.” Jung’s theories revolved around the relationship between the conscious and the unconscious, and he theorized that human behavior was largely governed by the influence of ideas that live deep within the human unconscious. Jung called these ideas “archetypes” and his theory has had a huge influence on artists in the 20th century. It’s hard to look at a Picasso painting without seeing Jung’s influence. Similarly, entire areas of other social sciences: Sociology, Anthropology were deeply influenced by Jung’s ideas about the common themes of man’s unconscious.
     Neumann take it upon himself to add flesh to the bones of Jung’s theory about universal archetypes. That universality is best symbolized by the Uroboros or “serpent that bites it’s tail.” Neurmann hypothesizes that this symbol is the THE original symbol of human culture. This argument is very closely linked to the theories first articulated by J.J Bachofen, published in the United States as Myth, Religion and Mother Right. Bachofen, writing in the late 19th century, claimed that matriarchal culture precedes patriarchal culture, linking the first religion to the agricultural settlements of the Middle East. Fifty years on from Neumann and more then a hundred from Bachofen the idea of matriarchal “original religion” has lost none of it’s hold on the imagination but further research has proved this idea false. The main mistake in the “mother right” theory is to assume that human religion began with agricultural settlements in the Middle East around the fourth millennium. It now appears that human culture extends far beyond agricultural settlements, and in fact that humans had culture and religion prior to forming permanent settlements.
     Regardless of the accuracy of Jung and his followers, the sheer power of his ideas and their influence on artists and other thinkers makes a thorough investigation of Jung’s thought worth the effort. It’s not a body of thought that is particularly fashionable at the moment, but the whole point is that Jung is oriented to the Universal, so thinking about the relationship between the artist and the audience, it makes sense that you want to incorporate universal themes if possible.
    The meat of Neurmann’s thesis is that there is a deep and abiding link between the shared experiences of our ancestors and the personality of individuals. The very idea of our unconscious steering our personalities may seem comical in an era of anti-depressants and increased knowledge about brain chemistry, but perhaps the enduring value of thinkers like Jung and Neumann is in their discussion of the group psychology of ancient and pre-historical cultures. Neumann analyzing the symbolism of ancient civilizations in terms of the relationship between parents and children. In Neumann’s view, the original concern of human culture was fertility: fertility of women, and fertility of the fields. Neumann believes that the original religion was the worship of a fearsome Mother Goddess that required blood (menstrua, sacrificial) for the annual renewal of fertility.
    In making his analysis Neumann leans heavily on examples taken from Ancient Egypt. Here, his accuracy is hampered by subsequent developments in Assyrianology, namely, the translation of voluminous texts from Mesopotamian and Indo European civilizations. Placed in context against other ancient civilization, the Egyptian religion does seem particularly oriented towards the kind of theories that Neumann endorses, but you only have to shift to the Hittites, who were younger but still contemporaneous with the Egyptian religion Neurmann draws from, to see a more male oriented culture less oriented towards feminine fertility rituals.

Published 6/3/10
The Washing of the Spears
The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation
by Donald R. Morris
p. 1965
Simon and Schuster


    So last bit about the Zulus and South African history. Have you ever scanned through the programs they show on the History Channel and wondered History means "War" as far as television cable channels are concerned? I've often wondered about why history means "history of battles" to many people, and I think that's because people in the military have always been history buffs, and that shaped the market for books about history. Me, I don't give a fuck about military history. Who gives a shit? War may be useful sometimes, but it is always a pointless waste of life. (or it ain't a real war.) Here's a tip, if you buy a history book, and it turns out to be a military history book, skim that shit. Skim the fuck out of it, or you'll spend a week of your life learning about the background of soldiers who fought in wars, the difficulty of fighting wars in strange locations.
    Even though the sub head of this book is "the rise and fall of the Zulu nation" it's about as accurate as calling a book about the battles of the Civil War "The Rise and Fall of the Confederacy."
    Military history is worse than useless, it's actually evil because it makes military types think that they can predict what is going to happen in a future war. And they are always wrong, and people end up dying because of shitty history books.
    The Zulu's were defeated after the initial invasion was wiped off the face of the earth. Honestly, the description of the Zulu warriors annihilating gun toting red coats was the absolute high point of the book. Reading a book like this, the only thought I have is, "Gee, maybe the black South Africans should spring a genocide on the Whites left in South Africa and see how THEY like it." The Anglo Zulu war, the war that resulted in the deaths of thousands of Zulus and Europeans, was totally unprovoked. It was a war of extermination, fought for no reason, except to subjugate the Zulu nation. You know, Whites brought their racist bullshit to Africa, and maybe turn about is fair play.

Museum Review: 
Secrets of the Silk Road 
at the Bowers Museum in Santa Ana 
Published 6/20/10


TARIM MUMMY WITH FELT HAT

    Archeology has its pluses and its minuses. The main plus is that it is basically the only way for us to learn about cultures and peoples of pre or parahistory. The main "minus" of archeology is entire history, everyone who practiced it professionally prior to the last couple decades, everything that was written about archeology before the last couple decades and everything people think they know about archeology (Indiana Jones, for example.) What I'm saying is "archeology is fascinating, but you need to be super cautious before you accept an argument made by anyone about anything that relies on archeological evidence.
    For my money, the biggest archeological discovery of the 20th century are the "Tarim Mummies" of the Xinjiang province in Western province. The significance of these mummies is that they were fair haired white people with blue eyes etc. These mummies have been displayed in China, Japan and Korea but the Chinese government hasn't allowed them into the West until now. And where might these mummies be found? Santa Ana, of course! At the Bowers Museum.
    The Bowers Museum was itself a revelation, but the placement of an exhibit like this at a museum like that should clue everyone into the fact that Chinese carefully negotiated the parameters of this exhibit. For example, I though the name of the exhibit would be "HOLY SHIT IT'S THE WHITE MUMMIES FROM CHINA!!!" or something equivalent, but instead it's "The Secrets of the Silk Road" and the exhibit features just as much Chinese stuff from after the time of the Tarim Mummies then actually exhibits relating to the Tarim Mummies themselves.
    In the exhibit, you proceed backwards in time, spending a couple rooms worth of time looking at fossilized chinese wontons. Chinese wontons? Seriously? Who gives a shit about a fossilized Chinese wonton from 1100 AD. I know all about the Chinese- hear about them everyday.
    It isn't until the last room that you get the money shot. This money shot is entitled 61. The Beauty of Xiaohe c. 1800-1500 BC. She is generally regarded to be the most beautiful mummy out of all mummies which exist in the whole world. She has clearly reddish blond hair, and her features- perfectly preserved mind you- make her out to have the bone structure of a (white) hollywood starlet. She truly is exceptional, and that beauty, combined with the date of the burial, means that white people were smack dab in the middle of the silk road BEFORE other "indo european" cultures- Greek, Roman, Hindu, German, Celt had manifested themselves.
    The Beauty of Xiaohe is not the only panty dropper in the Secrets of the Silk Road. Also particularly notable is 44. Bronze Figurine of a Kneeling Warrior c. 500 BC. What's amazing about this sculpture is that the subject looks like a Greek warrior. What was this guy doing in the middle of the Chinese desert in 500 BC?
    The over all effect of the exhibition, despite it's small size and limited scope, is break taking. Truly, the Beauty of Xiahoe is a epoch making game changer in the world of pre-history. The process of learning about pre-history is reliant almost entirely on archeology, but archeology is such a young science that is only now growing out of a western dominated adolescence into a truly global way to learn about human cultures before writing. The truth of pre-history is as interesting as a writer of fiction could conjure up and this exhibit is conclusive prove of that fact.
    For those who are reading this review but are unable to travel to Santa Ana, California and the Bowers Museum, please check out The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West by J.P. Mallory and Victor H. Mair- it is an excellent treatment of the larger questions surrounding the subject of the Secrets of the Silk Road exhibition.


Chola Empire Map 
Published 10/21/10



THE CHOLA DYNASTY


Published 10/25/10
Mayans, Toltecs & Aztecs 


     It's hard to ignore the present-day drug violence in Mexico. I've been thinking about Mexico itself, and realizing that my present state is "sadly ignorant." The ignorance starts at the beginning. For example, I don't really know the difference between Mayans, Toltecs and Aztecs. The truth of Pre-Columbian civilization is that it blended elements of pre-Western middle Eastern civilizations with aspects of solidly "middle ages" civilizations. These civilizations spanned a thousand years in time, a large diversity of geography, the migration of different peoples, numerous ecological catastrophes and eventually contact with Europe. Although they are treated as "extinct" the people continue to exist. In many cases they continue to speak their own language, practice their own syncretic rituals and maintain an ethnic identity that has resisted Western assimilation for half a millennium.
        Pre Contact Central/Southern Mexico was a diverse place culturally speaking. The first generally identifiable group is the Olmecs, documented back to 1100 B.C. The next significant group are the Mayans, whose civilization, occurring from about 300 AD to 800 AD, is generally considered the "golden" age of Pre Columbian Mexican civilization. The Mayans were clustered in Southern Mexico, on the Yucatan peninsula and into Guatemala. If you consult any edition of the Ethnologue, the entire Yucatan peninsula maintains Mayan speakers. A hoary entry point into any discussion of the Mayans includes belabored theories about the "mysterious" collapse of the Mayan Golden Age, but if you just look at the environment, hot, humid and jungly, it seems like a precarious place to build an enduring human foot print. They had a 500 hundred year run, but it's not like they went away, they just weren't quite so awesome.
        After the Mayan's Golden Age collapsed, the center of gravity shifts North to the boundary of the valley of Mexico and the Northern Mexican hinterlands. Here, there was the familiar interrelationship between settled farming people and barbarous Northern tribes. As you can see by the similarity in names, the Toltecs and the Aztecs both came from the same cultural milleu and occupied the same general area around present day Mexico city. During this period, there were also separate Zapotec empries in present day Oaxcaca- languages maintained till today. Also, the Mayans were still around. But the Toltecs were the geographic predecessors of the Aztecs. The Toltecs height was about 1000-1250.
        It's only after this point that the Aztecs enter onto the scene. The idea that the Aztecs were a dominant people is embedded in European "knowledge" about Pre-Columbian Mexico, but they were really just one tribe in a wider cultural area where the people all spoke various dialects of Nahuatl. You have to consider the Nahuatl languages were spoken in the area of the Toltecs/Aztecs from 700 AD onward, and the Aztecs had only been in control for a century when the Spanish showed up the 15th century. It's also important to recognize that Nahuatl is just a sub-group of the enormous Uto-Aztecan language group, which extends all the way from the Northern Plains of the United States to Southern California, down to Central Mexico.
          It's quite breathtaking to consider that the Arizona river Indians spoke a language from the same family as the Aztec empire. There is a continuity there that is generally not appreciated. The Northern branch of the Uto Aztecan language family includes California tribes like the Mono and the Paiute.
      At the time of the Spanish conquest, the Aztecs ruled over the valley of Mexico in a manner somewhat analogous to Mongol rule over China: Their immediate neighbors were more "civilized" but the Aztecs were tougher. The story of the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs is not the last chapter in Spanish/Native relations. The Spanish still had to subjugate the Maya, the Zapotecs, and relationships with the tribes North of the valley of Mexico were troublesome for centuries.
     And while the natives suffered from the familiar depredations of diseases, the Spanish were slow in sending colonists abroad, so that the native peoples were never really surpassed numerically and they have endured, even as they slowly loose distinct cultural characteristics.
      I think the reality of the War on Drugs in Mexico is that the vast majority of poor people in Mexico simply do not give a shit about the Mexican state, because its institutions are foreign and poorly representative of the needs of their people. Given it's ethnic/cultural history, Mexico would be better off looking towards India then the United States and Spain. Spain is in fact, a terrible model for Mexico, as is the United States. For the vast majority of people in Mexico, the situation today is no better or worse then it always has been, and that is the reality.



Published 11/10/10
The Zapotecs
Princes, Priests & Peasants
by Joseph W. Whitecotton
p. 1977
University of Oklahoma Press
Civilization of the American Indian Series


    Crazy people like to make a big deal out of ancient pyramids, and about how, you know, aliens came down from space to inspire them in different places around the world, but if you stop and think about it... a pyramid is a pretty useful way to get closer to the sky. Furthermore, any group of people that moves beyond hunt and gather style live is going to be obsessed with the sky and rain... because they are practicing agriculture. When you are farming you are reliant on sunlight and rain- that shit is important. What better way to get closer to whatever God you've dreamt up then to make something to get you closer.
    The Zapotecs are a people of Southern Mexico. Their civilization was centered around what is presently Oaxaca. Oaxaca is in a valley south of Mexico City. It has two main branches, and between them is Monte Alban- Monte Alban is considered the culture center of your classic era Zapotec civilization. Afterwards, the Zapotecs were invaded (or something) by the Mixtecs- a different culture that moved in as conquerers and ended up living side by side with the Zapotecs, often in different neighborhoods in the same village. Both groups were subjugated by the Aztecs prior to Spanish arrival, but it was a paying tribute kind of domination.
    The Zapotecs remain in the state of Oaxaca, they also spread to the south into the Isthmus of Mexico and west to the coast. Their cultural situation is complex- Zapotecs never considered themselves a nation, and their tradition of governance maintains identity to the individual community of which they are members- similar to the situation in Italy in the Renaissance.
    What is significant about the Zapotecs is that their language comes from a different linguistic family then that of the Aztecs. The Aztecs speak a variety of Uto-Aztecan, while Zapotec is part of the Oto-Manguean family. Zapotec and Mixtec are the most successful of the Oto Manguean languages, and linguists generally agree that some form of this language has been present in Mexico since 4000 B.C, giving the Oto Manguean's a prior claim to Mexico.
    If you look at a map, it seems likely that the Uto-Aztecan speaking peoples moved south, pushing the Oto Manguean peoples south in the process. It's not like the Zapotecs were inferior- they may have introduced writing into Classic Era Mexico. It's hard to know, since the Spanish did such a great job of eradicating and co-opting the pre-Contact Zapotec culture, but it's useful to know that pre-Contact Mexico was more then just the Aztecs.

Published 12/2/10
The Last Lingua Franca
English Until The Return of Babel
by Nicholas Ostler
p. 2010 Walker & Company


    You might consider Ostler a popularizer of the field of Socio-Linguistics. His new book, published in the US on November 23rd, is an extended essay on the role of English as a Lingua Franca in the modern World. Having recently read the author's earlier book Empires of the Word, I recognized both the theme and some of the details from the earlier book, which covers much of the same territory as the Last Lingua Franca, but in a more general manner.
    Specifically, in The Last Lingua Franca looks to historical examples of other Lingua Francas, and how they failed, and asks questions about whether or not English, the current Lingua Franca, might suffer the same fate. I very much place this book along the same continuum where you find pop intellectuals like Malcolm Gladwell or, shudder, Jared Diamond. This group of writers familarizes itself with specific social science disciplines, distills the knowledge into modern magazine quality prose, and attempts to generate a hook that will interest readers who normally wouldn't give an eff about the field of "socio-linguistics."
   As such, I would be inclined to think that Ostler has the right angle, since the "decline" of English is a subject that obsesses both liberal members of the education establishment and political right wingers who sponsor "English Only" bills in the legislatures of the southern states.
    Most of Ostler's focus in this book is extended examples of different Lingua Francas, how they functioned, and how they collapsed. The reader is treated to chapters on the role of Latin, Persian & Sanskrit in their respective societies, followed by his take on the rise of English, and what "the future holds" for English or any other would-be Lingua Franca. Ostler's ultimate conclusion is spelled out in the title of the book itself, "The LAST Lingua Franca." Ostler takes the position that the rise of Machine Translation and non-English speaking countries like Brazil, Russia, China & India make English's survival as a the language of the world far from secure. However he also acknowledges that it is difficult to imagine ANY language replacing English.
    Lingua Franca is a worthwhile read for a reader with a passing interest in linguistics and a college education, but it's hardly intellectual heavy lifting.

Published 12/20/10
The Barbarian Conversion:
From Paganism to Christianity
by Richard Fletcher
p. 1996
Henry Holt


    We take Europe's status as a repository of Christianity as a given, but it wasn't always the case. As late as the 14th century, the pagan Duchy Lithuania ruled over a wide swath of central Europe. Many parts of Germany weren't converted until the 900s. Scandinavia was largely pagan until after the turn of the first Millennium. Christianity just seems overwhelming because we know so little about the Pagan religions which proceeded it. But when you think about it... is there really such a big difference between what happened in the Baltics in the 13th century and what was to happen a little more than 200 years later in Mexico and Peru with the Aztecs and Incas?
    The whole process of conversion of Europe from Paganism to Christianity is ridiculously complicated, particularly when one considers the rather straight forward way that the same religion triumphed within the Roman Empire. (Converting the Emperor helps!) In Western Europe, Christianity pretty much continued in the footsteps of the Roman Empire. The conquering Barbarian tribes in places like France, Spain and England emulated the Romans and their leaders saw the adoption of Christianity as a way to carry on the Roman tradition. This approach met with various degrees of success: In Spain, Muslims stormed in and wrecked the place. In England, Germanic tribes came in and wrecked the place, and also gradually converted to Christianity. In France, Charlemagne formed a solid dynasty and went to work on the Germans. This process of conversion coming from the West through Central Europe and into the East continued for several centuries, until the Lithuanians finally completed the process in the 14th century.
    As Fletcher persuasively argues, the success of Christianity was attributable to a combination of religion as a motivating factor for power hungry warlords to go out and conquer, and a corresponding desire by leaders outside the Christian area to get with the winning team. Nowhere but nowhere does Christianity come "from below." At the end of Barbarian Conversion Fletcher brings up the idea that perhaps conversion was not a particularly deep experience for many in Europe. That seems about right to me. For the great majority of people in the Middle Ages, converting to Christianity was something they did because their local Duke or whoever made them. Christianity: big whoop.

Published 1/3/11
GREETINGS FROM PERU 




IT IS COLD AND RAINY BUT BEAUTIFUL.

The Incan Cross (1/10/11)


    You can't let relativism interfere with the basic capacity to compare one group of people to another. The categories you pick and ways you talk about those categories influence the value of your observations. For example, it's easy to talk about the ways people are different but such observations are likely to place groups of people in different status positions. Religious differences, social classes, economic disparity.
    Cultural comparison was very much on my mind during my recent trip to Peru. As a geographic place, the tourist region around the city of Cusco is a rich cultural environment. The history of multiple levels of cultural conflict plays out on a physically remarkable environment. While you're there it's perfectly appropriate to consider the history of the place.
    The larger area of Peru and Ecuador was a culturally rich place in the Pre-Columbian era. Advanced civilizations were making anthropomorphic pottery and sophisticated human featured sculpture before Christ was born. The Incans were heirs to this broad, long running tradition in much the same way the Romans were heirs to the Greek/Mediterranean civilization.
    The larger Peruvian civilization was handicapped because of a lack of writing. History mostly requires the presence of written language BEFORE events can be considered history. Thus, for civilizations without written language, you are looking at physical remains. Thus, the Incans are at the very cusp, with no written language tradition but physical remains that are top of the table. Most compelling for me is the symbol of the Incan Cross, pictured above at the Sun Temple in Pisaq. Wikipedia calls it the Chakana:
    The Chakana (or Inca Cross, Chakana) symbolizes for Inca mythology what is known in other mythologies as the World Tree, Tree of Life and so on. The stepped cross is made up of an equal-armed cross indicating the cardinal points of the compass and a superimposed square. The square represents the other two levels of existence. The three levels of existence are Hana Pacha(the upper world inhabited by the superior gods), Kay Pacha, (the world of our everyday existence) and Ucu or Urin Pacha (the underworld inhabited by spirits of the dead, the ancestors, their overlords and various deities having close contact to the Earth plane). The hole through the centre of the cross is the Axis by means of which the shaman transits the cosmic vault to the other levels. It also represents Cuzco, the center of the Incan empire, and the Southern Cross constellation. (WIKIPEDIA) Pretty sophisticated concept, no writing required to explain it necessary. You come across that in a ruin at 10,000 feet up and you get it.


Book Review: Nueva Cronica y Buen Gobierno (1/12/11)




El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno, originally uploaded by deSingel International Arts Campus.

Published 1/12/11
The Drawings of the Indian Chronicler
Guaman Poma
New Chronicle and Good Government
Published by Piki, Cusco Peru


This is a book of drawings by the author, a Peruvian of mixed Indian/Spanish ancestry. He was only two generations removed from the conquest. It's important to understand that he wasn't Incan himself, rather his Indian family had been officials in the Empire but not ethnically Incan. Bizarrely, this book was "discovered" in a libarary in Copenhagen Denmark- in 1908! Pretty incredible if you think about, even more so when you consider that is one of the best sources on Pre-Contact Incan civilization (It has...pictures...) Poma's perspective is largely one of indignation and outrage on behalf of the Native Population's treatment at the hands of the Spaniards.

In fact, the introduction explains that the function of this book originally was to obtain for the author the Spanish granted title of "Indian Advocate." It's certainly worth seeking out, first because, as a picture book you can read it in five minutes, and second, it is really interesting to see the Pre-Contact civilization depicted so accurately.

Published 1/18/11
A Social History of Music From the Middle Ages to Beethoven
by Henry Raynor
p. 1972
Crescendo Press


        It's funny to me that you would need to specifically modify a history of music with the word "social" to be allowed to write about this subject, but this book is from 1972. No matter what type of music or time period is under discussion, all music exists as a social construction. Music requires and Artist and an Audience, and if you are missing one of the two you don't have music. Thus, any long term survey of the social history of music must address the changing relationships between Artists and Audiences over time. In the time period surveyed in this volume (one of two), Raynor looks at three main developments: Church music in the Middle Ages, the rise and spread of Opera after the Renaissance and the development of the Artistic composer of the late 18th and 19th century (Beethoven, for example.)

      Along the way, fascinating chapters on the early growth of music printing and publishing are interspersed with turgid technical descriptions of opera seria. Ultimately though, the social history of music from the Middle Ages to Beethoven is limited by the lack of a large audience- it isn't until the very end of the book that anything approaching a "popular" audience begins to develop. Indeed, perhaps the most crucial chapter in this volume is the one on the development of the Public Concert- for it was only after that point that an audience large enough to support an autonomous musician developed- prior to that a musician had to either be itinerant (traveling from place to place) or the house musicians of a noble man or independent city state.

For most of the time period covered in this book, the audience literally summoned the musicians into existence- initially through the church and monarchs, and later through independent cities and princes. Only with the development of the Public Concert and the development of music publishing could the Artist attain the heights of public prominence that we now take for granted.

Published 1/26/11
Maya History And Religion
by J. Eric S. Thompson
University of Oklahoma
p. 1979
Civilization of the American Indian Series No. 99


    I wouldn't say I was changed by my trip to the Andes. That shit is amazing, but it's more in the category "delivered as expected" than "blew my mind." If you are talking Pre-Columbian civilizations, there are really three ballers: Aztecs, Mayans & Incans. Unlike the Aztecs and Incans, who were in their "classic" phases when the Spanish showed up, the Mayans were in a "Post-Classic" configuration. Generations of western social scientists have created a narrative of collapse to explain the transition from the classic to post-classic phase, but in a move academically analogous to what has happened in the world of post-Roman European historical scholarship, the recent trend has been to paint a more nuanced picture of the move from "classic" to "post-classic."
     Thompson, writing over 30 years ago, was in the vanguard of this reappraisal. Unfortunately, Maya History and Religion is so old that Thompson feels it necessary to make an academically intensive case to rehabilitate the post-classic era. Throughout this book, Thompson makes the case that the disappearance of classic Mayan civilization was most likely a case of peasant revolt against the priestly hierarchy. In this way, the idea that Classic Maya is to Post-Classic Maya as the Roman Emprie was to the Early Middle Ages has evolved along the same lines (from a view that civilization really fell apart to a view that the impact on day-to-day existence was not that big a deal.)
    Thompson also makes the case that post-classic Mayan civilization integrated heavy Nahuatl (Aztec/Mexican) influence via conquering elites. Thompson painstakingly documents the existence of Mexican influence in post-classic Mayan codices and the names of individuals documented in Spanish archives of the 16th and 17th century. This relationship, between Nahua and Mayan, is something that bears further investigation- a cursory search of Amazon revealed no other books on the subject- so I'm going to keep that in mind.



Map of the Toltec Empire, early 900s to 1160

Published 3/5/11
The Toltecs: Until the Fall of Tula
by Nigel Davies
Published by University of Oklahoma Press 1977
Civilization of the American Indian Series Volume 144


         This was another rescue book I bought from Wahrenbrock Book House- it's a handsome first edition with a minimalist cover aesthetic that reminds me of a good record jacket. I like to look at books from a design perspective, in much the same way I consider the physical media that contains popular music.
         The Toltecs is also Volume 144 in the excellent Civilization of the American Indian Series published by the University of Oklahoma Press. From what I can tell, it's the only series of value the University of Oklahoma Press releases, but it is a doozy. That series is still going and they are up to volume 265 according to their on-line catalog.
              When the Spanish arrived in Mexico, they encountered a diverse linguistic and cultural environment. Driven by their own cultural peculiarities, they gravitated towards a center of power, the Aztec empire. After the Aztec empire was conquered by the Spanish, they inherited a perspective that was strongly shaped by the Aztec's themselves. For the first few centuries of the Conquest, little attention was paid in the ways that the Aztecs themselves were shapers of their historic past and in fact great attempts were made to eradicate pre-Aztec writings by the Aztecs themselves, BEFORE the Spanish arrived.
          So when the Spanish showed up, the Aztecs told them that they traced their heritage to the Toltec Empire, but that the Toltec had vanished from the scene several hundred years prior. It was kind of the same conversation you would have if you asked a classical Roman about Troy or a medieval English aristocrat about King Arthur and his nights of the Round Table. Mythic overlay aside, the Toltecs were real in the sense that a Toltec empire existed to the north and east of the Aztec empire from about 900 to 1200 AD. The Empire ended with a poly-ethnic diaspora which sent residents in multiple directions.
The Aztec account of the Toltec was wrapped up in their main god Quetzalcoatl. In Aztec times he was the main boss god. In Toltec times he had reportedly been a man, an actual leader of the Toltecs. That was the idea, at any rate. In the centuries after the conquest, some written sources were saved for future historians, additionally western disciplines of archeology and linguistics added to the total sum of knowledge on the area.
        However, the written sources are compromised by the Aztec system of recording dates, where a 52 year cycle was repeated without any century reference (so you can't tell if something happened in 1869 or 1969.) The written sources are further compromised by the trauma of the conquest, so that scribes were sometimes putting together occurrences that had happened hundreds of years apart because they happened on the same year of the 52 year counting cycle. Also, different communities started their 52 year cycles on different years of the month, so that it might be year 1 for community A and year 2 for community B.
         In fact, much of The Toltecs consists of this kind of explanation about why it is so hard to know anything about the Toltecs, and I think it gets in the way of what is otherwise an interesting story. When Davies allows himself to speculate about what he thinks might of went down, it's some interesting information. Even writing in 1977, Davies was quite on top of the most recent advances in the theory of archeology, throwing in easy references to the seminal work of philologist/archeologist Gordon Childe. Childe was one of the first people to attempt to draw natural history disciplines together with social history disciplines- it's an approach that has to underlie the intelligent study of any pre or semi-historic civilization.
          Ultimately, the Toltecs are revealed as a crucial bridge between the classical Teotihuacan culture and the Aztecs that the Spanish encountered. They were a poly-ethnic moderately sized empire centered on the the North East interior of the Aztec region centered on the valley of Mexico. The main ethnic constituents were Nonalcas, participants in the Classical era civilization who had migrated from the Tabasco region- they likely brought books, legends and religion. In Tula, the capital city of the Toltec empire, they were joined by the Chichimecs, a nomadic war-like people of less advanced civilization who came from the northern desert wastes of present day Mexico. It's not hard to imagine that the Chichimecs were the muscle and the Nonalcas were the brains. The tales of the post-collapse diaspora, seem to describe a combination of Ethnic and Caste conflict between the Nonalca ethnicity priest caste and the Chichimec warrior caste. Davies effectively illustrates this hypothesis by comparative reference to the Indo-european split that is most traditionally described by the formula of "raj/brahman" in classical Sanskrit.
     During the Toltec Empire, the most sophisticated religious/cultural ideas of the Nonalcas were effectively transmitted to the Chichimecs, lasting well after the collapse of the Empire itself. In this way they were likely a cultural bridge between the Classic Period and the Late Post Classic Period. The reader can make out the rough forms of the transition from a gentler, less human-sacrifcey Classic period, to an early Post Classic Period where the need for protection leads to the introduction of a more "muscular" type of religion/society, followed by the late Post Classic Period where the Warrior caste was firmly in control and shaping the earlier religious/cultural traditions to their own needs.
It's important to recognize that the Aztecs were much more like a Middle Eastern Empire of the 2000 BC variety then a Classical era Roman Empire. Mesoamerican Civilizations could support large populations through their use of irrigation and agricultural, but transmitting power across long distances was difficult. Of course, cultural influences were more easily transmitted, but it is simply unclear how deep that sort of adoption went.

Published 4/9/11
Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe
by Peter Burke
p. 1978
Harper Torchbook Edition


      Although the time period under discussion is remote (1500-1800) the topic covered is one which has seen a lot of action since the late 70s. In this sense Burkes Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe reads more like an anticipation of much scholarship in this area from the 80s onward, then a definitive statement on the topic. It's certainly no fault of the author. The field of "Indo-European poetics" literally did not exist when Burke was writing, so you can't blame the guy for not being hip to certain characteristics of Indo-European poetics that seem to united much of the early popular culture of Europe.
        To give a simple example, in Calvin Watkins excellent survey of Indo-European poetics, How to Kill a Dragon, he describes the common Indo-European feature of descriptive alliteration the "saucy servant" for example. Burke describes a similar feature as being common to European traditions of recited poetry, but can only speculate as to how this similarity came to pass.
     Burke's task is also complicated by the fact that intellectuals didn't pay much attention to "popular culture" until the German-lead "Discovery of the People" in the late 18th and early 19th century. Thus, for the earlier periods surveyed in this book, Burke is left with the tools of supposition and guess work. Burke is more on target when he describes the general themes of Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe. Like many a diligent scholar of the 60s through 70s, Burke adopts a "structuralist" approach to his subject, first laying down "the structures of popular culture": Its transmission, forms, important themes and events, before discussing how popular culture changed in the later part of the period. His description of the structures of popular culture in early modern Europe is hampered by the lack of primary sources. I didn't really need a book to tell me that wandering minstrels played a crucial role in transmitting folk songs in the 1500s, nor do I need a professor to elucidate the fact that there was a continuum between religious and popular culture during this time period.
       Burke is more valuable when he describes the two fold change in Popular Culture which took place between 1500-1800, the first part of this change Burke dubs "The Triumph of Lent" (over Carnival.) This was a time period where Church authorities- both Protestant and Catholic, took action against the popular festivals which were the hallmark of Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe. Their actions were grounded in a variety of concerns, from religious to aesthetic, and the Triumph of Lent took place in two distinct phases- the period before the 1650s, and the period after, when the spread of the printing press and economic development made the transmission of their anti-popular culture ideas easier and more effective. Another way to look at this Triumph of Lent is as an attempt by religious authorities to remove Church rituals from the realm of Popular Culture as well as an attempt to remove pre-Church attitudes and practice from the realm of Popular Culture. Did they succeed? Yes.
    The second type of change is that brought about by Social Change. This Social Change is largely attributed to the Commercial Revolution of the 18th and 19th century. During this time, poorer people became wealthier and more literate, which created greater demand for the Popular Culture in circulation. Ironically though it was at this point that the wealthy began to disengage from the masses and their culture. In that process lay the groundwork for the distinction between "high" and "low" culture, which, in my opinion, continues to haunt discussions of artistic merit down to the present day. The separation between Popular and "High" art which began to occur in the 18th century almost immediately spawned the counter trend of the "Discovery of the People."
      It is from this counter trend that we derive many of our modern ideas about the value of popular culture. For example, the "Folk" movement is a direct result of the 18th/19th century counter trend. Unfortunately, this counter trend focused mostly on collecting existing works of Popular Culture and little attempt was made to conserve older sources, leaving us with the aforementioned lack of primary materials (at least as of 1978.)
    In Burke's description of the upper classes abandoning popular culture in the late 18th, early 19th century one can see the foreshadowing of our own time period, where intellectuals and the wealthy disparage mass media as being unfit for consumption. Think of the stereotype of the Volvo with a PBS sticker on the bumper.



This is a Virus- it was the built up immunity to Viruses that Europeans obtained as a result of direct contact with 4000 years of civilization that gave their life forms a built in advantage over life forms in the global periphery: The Americas, Australia, the Oceanic territories.

Published 4/23/11
Ecological Imperialism:
The Biological Expansion of Europe 900-1900
by Alfred W. Crosby
Cambridge University Press
p. 1986


      This book is what you call "a hit." The edition I read was printed in 1990 and represented the fifth repress. In fact, Ecological Imperialism is such a hit that inspired a second, even more monstrous hit: Jared Diamond's popularization of Crosby's thesis, the execrable "GUNS, GERMS & STEEL: THE FATES OF HUMAN SOCIETIES." I'm not positive of the direct connection because I shall not stoop to read Diamond's book, but Crosby's book could have been called "Weeds, Germs & Pigs: The Creation of Neo Europe"
    Crosby's broad topic is the manner in which a handful of European nations managed to replicate their societies in places like North America, Southern South America, Australia and New Zealand. As an initial task he needs to make the widely recognized distinction between places where European colonization resulted in the mas or menos eradication of the native populations (those places above) vs. places where the native populations retained control (Middle East, South Asia, East Asia.)
    The main thrust of Crosby's intelligent thesis is to demonstrate the biological differences between the Old Eurasian and New American/Australian worlds in terms of biology. Europeans were the direct heirs to four thousand years of pre-European civilization stretching back to Sumer, and with that came some distinct advantages when they eventually crossed the oceans to the New World. Specifically, European conquerors brought the small pox virus with them (in addition to a host of other diseases). Small Pox functioned like an advance army for the Europeans, clearing the way for them before they even arrived. No where is this more clear then within the United States, where a little known civilization with many resemblances to the Meso-American Aztec area flourished and disappeared before Europeans even got serious about exploring the place.
     Crosby also makes good on a less obvious sub thesis having to do with why European weeds were dominant in their conquest in the New World (as much as their human counterparts) while their New World equivalents wholly failed to make their presence felt on the return trip to Europe. Here, he notes that weeds require environmental destruction to thrive (deforestation, slash and burn agriculture, etc.) and so the type of disruption caused by European colonial efforts was precisely what was required to foment the spread of European weeds (like the dandelion, for example.)
      Throughout Ecological Imperialism, Crosby goes out of his way to downplay the importance of military technology- the fact is that in every single one of the major areas where the Europeans wiped out Indigenes, diseases led the way. And in place where diseases did not work in favor of the Europeans, the colonial experience was either a draw (South Africa, where whites held onto power but lost the population race) or an outright failure (India, China, Japan) where Europeans failed to do anything other then put down glorified trading posts.
    As it should be clear from this summary, there was no moral or "natural" superiority of one civilization vs another, only what could be called the "luck of inheritance." The European conquerors combined their cultural inheritance with a (native) desire for expansion. In this way, they don't deserve credit for introducing small pox to indigenes around the world, but they certainly reaped the long term rewards.


White People in Kafiristan & The War on Terror (5/5/11)





These are photographs is of native children who lives in northwest Pakistan. It comes from a photo set labelled Kalash, Chitral. The Kalash language is from an obscure branch of the indo european language family. The Kalash live in the part of Pakistan known as the "north west province." I will guarantee you a million dollars that when most people think about islamic terrorism and the impact our behavior is having in that part of the world, they are wholly unaware that people who look like this- i.e. white- live in THAT part of the world.

Here is another one:



Check out this entire photo set. Pakistan, people. Pakistan.

The Three Waves of Indo-European Migration in Pre-History 
Published 5/6/11

    The major error of Indo-European studies is the FALSE equation of "Indo European Language" with "Indo European Race" or "Aryan Race." The fact is that Race is a concept that doesn't really exist in any universal sense, whereas language is in many ways the very foundation of human culture.
    One of the issues with Pre-History is the lack of written history itself. This limits sources to non-historical scientific fields like archeology and linguistics. For Indo European studies, linguistics has proved particularly important because of a combination of twentieth century inaccessibility to archeological sites in Central Asia and the Middle East and the Greek/Latin/Sanskrit comparison itself being both a seminal moment in Indo European Studies AND the foundation of comparative linguistics.
    The main debate in linguistics as it concerns Indo European Studies is what the different Indo Euroepan daughter languages can tell us about WHERE "Proto-Indo-European" speakers CAME FROM. For a looongggg time the debate focused on finding a "right" answer, but the debate was marred by errors made by earlier linguists. Current linguistics favors a 'three wave model' of diaspora, with groups spinning off from the center at different times in (pre) History.
    Group A, the first language is Anatolian (present Turkey) and Tokharian (eastern Asia). Group B is Germanic, Italic, Greek, Indic and Armenian. Group C is Celtic, Slavic, Baltic Albanian and Iranian. If you add in the archeological findings in places like the Tarim Basin, the departure/split for Group A is about 2000 BC. Group B comes as early as 1600 BC and then Group C runs all the way into the "Christian" era. There was also interaction among the different daughter languages, both between and in-between groups. For example, Indo-Iranian is commonly referred to as a family, even though under this model Indic proceeds Iranian.

Published 5/6/11
Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present
by Chirstopher I. Beckwith
p. 2009
Princeton University Press


    In a certain sense, you could state that the entire pre-History and History of humanity can be described by depicting the fall in prominence of Central Asia from its position of shaper of all that was to come in pre-History, through the great Empires of the Classic and Medieval Periods down to Central Asia's present status as an economically depressed, under-educated, war-torn back water.
    So far has the geographic area described in this book fallen that it does not even register on the radar of most contemporary West European/Americans as a location at all. Instead, Central Asia is known more for some of the nations that are located there- Afghanistan, for one, Tibet, for another then for its identity as a region. That's a pity, because considering the amount of money we are shoveling into Central Asia, you would think, we, as a nation, would have a vested interest in knowing the history of the place.
    Beckwith starts with an abiding interest in the Indo-European diaspora and does an excellent job describing the common characteristics of the daughter cultures. Chief among the ideas is the "Comitatus." The Comitatus is a group of armed, mounted warriors whose loyalty lay with the chief of the tribe (as supposed to with a specific people, empire or nation.) The Comitatus was tied to their leader by blood and honor- the idea of a "blood brother" is specifically derived from Indo-European roots. Although likely originated in the proto-Indo European morass, the Comitatus was not limited to PIE speakers- the Mongols as well as other non PIE descended speakers adopted it to great impact throughout history. In the Arab world, the Turks brought Comitatus to the Middle East via the Mamaluk tradition.
    The primary pre-Historical dynamic that Beckwith illuminates is the role that agriculture played in pre-Historic times. The so-called "Nomadic" peoples of pre-Historic times farmed as well as herded, and Beckwith repeatedly makes the strong point that viewing Indo European and later expansion and diffusion through the filter of the desire to control trade makes just as much sense as any previous explanation. He notes that the Scythians, a northern Iranian speaking barbarian people known to the Greeks for their wild ways and red hair, were setting up wheat farms specifically to export to the Greek colonies of the Black Sea and the main land in the period 300-200 BC.
    The historical diffusion of the Indo European speakers lasted from 2000 BC all the way to the edge of the Christian era, in three successive waves, after which remaining Indo Europeans in Central Asia (mostly the Iranians and their descendants) duked it out with peoples from the East: Tibetans, Chinese, Turks and Mongols, in a process that ended up with them being displaced out of Central Asia and taking their present day locations and merging with the peoples already in residence.
    Under the Turks and Mongols, Central Asia reached the height of prominence in the early Middle Ages, a time when other World Areas were struggling- Western Europe comes to mind. Central Asians, particularly the little-known Sogdian people, influenced the rising Arab Caliphate as well as the Chinese Dynasties, and the intellectual achievements between about 300 and 800 AD were first class. Under the Mongols, the Silk Road had a "pax-Mongolia" where trade and wealth rose to unmatched heights. Mongol rule was disrupted by the plague, and after that Central Eurasia suffered a long term decline that was persisted up to today.
    The Silk Road was displaced by the "Maritime Littoral" otherwise known to Western Europeans and their progeny as the "Age of Discovery," starting in the 16th century. That displacement was solidified by the 19th century partition of Central Asia between Russia and China. Since then it has been "all downhill" as they say. It's almost impossible to imagine a return to global prominence for Central Asia. Perhaps there is some grand world-historical lesson there, but I'm inclined to think not.
    Regardless of the present situation, the incredible success of the Indo European daughter languages makes those ancestor cultures of interest to anyone who's trying to "show how we are all one people," promote peace, global understanding, cross cultural communication etc. Particularly when it comes to places like Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan this history bears directly on our experiences there and the lessons should be heeded.

Scythians 
Published 5/10/11




      This is a map of the situation 100 BC and you have to imagine a spreading over the 500-1000-2000 years prior. The fact that we can now speak of a language family means that there had been separation and lack of contact between Iranian speakers and other Indo European languages before the Iranian language themselves began to spread apart.
      Understanding the waves of Indo European migration require understanding the role of the Iranian speaking folks in Central Asia in PUSHING other groups of Indo European groups OUT into places like India and Western Europe. Although many of the Scythian speaking languages were unwritten, the ole Iranian Language Family tree has a host of them under it's "northeastern" branch: Avestan, Bactrian, Samaritan, Soghdian and Alanian: All prominent players during the time when Germans, Greeks, Celts and Vedic groups were moving from their place of origin into their new worlds.
     So even though they ended up getting dominated by the Turks and then the Mongols, to the point where the only ethnicity they have left is the Ossetians in South Georgia, recently implicated in the mini war between Russia an Georgia when South Ossetia said they wanted to be with Russia or independent instead of being in Georgia, the Scythians played a HUGE role in determining who is where in todays modern world.

Published 5/26/11
Empire of The Mind
A History of Iran
by Michael Axworthy
p. 2008
Basic Books


    Considering the frequency with which the topic of Iran appears in the mass media, it is perhaps surprising that there aren't more books written on Iranian history. Perhaps it's because few Americans learn Farsi, or maybe it's because Western/Iranian relations have been a non-stop roller coaster of disaster and missed opportunities for the last hundred years, or maybe it's because Americans don't understand the common linguistic heritage with share with Iranians. Who knows? But I am of the opinion that our current differences with Iran are largely grounded on ignorance and misunderstanding, and any attempts to rectify current issues must be preceded by a higher degree of mutual appreciation.
   Looking for an affordable, one volume history of Iran led me to Axworthy's Empire of the Mind- clocking in at 290 pages, Empire of the Mind gives the reader a good jumping off point, but doesn't get to heavy into any particular debate. The first thing to keep in mind is that Iran really has two histories. The first is everything before the Arab invasion and Islamization of Greater Iran, the second period is after. The Arab Muslims conquered the area of Iran, and sporadic attempts by the Shah to revive a sense of pre-Islamic Persianism, wiped out the widespread appreciation for all things pre-Islamic. Thus, while the pre-Islamic history of Iran is fascinating, it's not really relevant, since no one gives a shit, including the Iranians, today. Today, Iran is an Islamic society, defined by Shiaism, though heir to a cultural history that includes amazing poetry, advanced science and linguistics as well as it's own tradition of written history.
    Understanding modern Iran requires keeping a thumbnail sketch of the Shia Islam religion in mind. This split didn't have anything to do with the Persian/Arab ethnic divide- it involved a dispute concerning the successor to Mohamed, but as it turned out, greater Iran and Persian speaking people became the majority of the Shias. The bottom line is that the Shias are the perpetual underdog and base their entire identity on funeral procession type remembrances of their "murdered prophet." They also basically created higher education and have nurtured an independent intellectual tradition in a troubled, troubled environment for a thousand years before actually TAKING OVER THE COUNTRY in the mid 1970s. So, Shiaism is a STRONG cultural tradition that is a blend of a particular kind of Islam AND a pre-existing tradition of Iranian higher education. There was also a related but separate tradition of Sufism, which was characterized by a fascination with mysticism. It is one of the peculiarities of the current Iranian regime that their founder, Ayatollah Khomenhi, was a disciple of some of the Sufi inspired mystic thought that has made it's way into the Shai scholarly tradition.
    Outside of Shia Islam, and it's peculiar role in the Iranian environment is the catastrophe of the the early modern period in Iran, namely the 18th and 19th century. After the Arab/Muslim conquest, Iran was pretty mellow until Genghis Khan rolled through: he hit Iran HARD. Once the Mongols abated, Turks took over, but they were Turks who were "under the influence" of Persian culture, and thus provided a relatively stable security environment, basically having border spats with the Ottomans in the greater "Mesopotamia" area next door.
   The 18th and 19th centuries are what you call "lost years" for Iran. While Western countries were industrializing and "westernizing" generally speaking, Iran was lost in a 200 year haze of civil war. First, the Afghanis invaded the Iranian heartland (1719) These are the same Afghani Pashtun tribesmen that are fighting Americans in Afghanistan today. By 1730, the Afghanis had been beaten out by a Turkish/Persian General, Nader Shah. Shah comes off as a neglected hero, an Iranian counterpart to Napoleon. Nader Shah's poly-ethnic army disintegrated upon his death and his crowning triumph became Iran's nightmare for the rest of the century.
   In a scenario that sounds familiar of Western encounters with non-Western countries/empires, the West just happened to roll in after the end of this century of misery. They didn't really understand that was the case, and this accounts for some of the racist theorizing that started to be disseminated about "Asian Despots" in this period within the West. As the 19th century moved forward, Iran experienced the worst Western Diplomacy had to offer as the object of the oft-written about "Great Game" between Russia and Great Britain with Central Asia and Iran the object. Surely, an Iranian scholar drawing his conclusions about Western Nations from their conduct in Iran in the 19th century could be FORGIVEN for thinking that we are bunch of lying thieves.
   The 20th century was just as bad, there was a division of Iran into "zones of influence" around the time of World War I, followed by an out-right occupation by the Allies in World War II, with another three way division of "areas of influence," a lop-sided oil development contract with Anglo Iranian Petroleum AND- AND- the concerted effort by all concerned Western nations to PREVENT infrastructure from being developed, in terms of railroads, paved roads, etc.
   So perhaps we should all be a little more sympathetic to our enemy in this regard. Clearly, they have grounds to be upset, set on top of a non-Western history that itself was pretty disastrous in more recent centuries. It's a testament to the strength of the Iranian "empire of the mind" that it has endured despite all that hardship, certainly to compare Iran to failed states like Afghanistan or reclusive dictatorships like Turkmenistan is to compare horse to a pony.
    My opinion is that our attempts to solve the problems of countries like Afghanistan and Iran are hampered by our inabilities to actually understand the problems they face there. Maybe if we did a better job of understanding their history, we'd spend less money and fewer United States soldiers would die.

Published 7/25/11
In Search of Zarathustra: Across Iran and Central Asia To Find The World's First Prophet
by Paul Kriwaczek
p. 2002
by Vintage Press

    As I've said before, you have to look pretty hard to get good information on the part of the world we know as "IRAN." Iran has a baaaad rap in the West right now AND it's not as "interesting" to Western intellectuals as your Soviet Union's and China's. Of course, any discussion of MODERN Iran has to begin and end with Islam, but such wasn't always the case. Historically, the area of Iranian SPEAKING people extended from the edge of Greece (Scythia), down through Central Asia (Samaritans) into modern Iran and Afghanistan (Persians.) Like other linguistic groups in the Indo European family, the Iranians were horse riding nomads and small-time farmers with an upwardly mobile streak. The Iranians, Turks, Arabs and Mongols are the Asian equivalent of the Greeks, Romans, Germans and Celts of Europe. The Persian Empire of the Classic Period most resembles the Roman Empire of the same period. And in fact, beginning with Alexander the Great and running through the Middle Ages, Persians and Romans (and their succesors) fought amongst themselves in the area of modern day Syria, Iraq and the Caucuses.
    Additionally, the more nomadic linguistic relatives of the Persians got swept up in the great wave of Turkish invaders, typified by Attila the Hun. In these armies, Germans (Goths) and Iranians (Alans) served side-by-side, Alans specifically making it into Eastern Europe to settle during the transition between the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages. The Iranian nomadic "style" was instrumental in influencing Germanic/Celtic tribesmen in the Early Middle Ages: Think knights in Armor, riding horses and using lances, think the aesthetic of stylized animal imagery in Medieval coats of arms and royal banners. The "knight in shining armor" was probably a phrase in Samaritan four or five hundred years before you could say that in Gothic or Latin.
    Unfortunately, none of this influence is particularly well documented, leaving a reader literally grasping at straws where the over-lap is concerned. Sure, you can get 200 dollar (German language) books from the nineteenth century that talk about these subjects, but they were probably written by Nazis. Into the gap comes In Search of Zarathustra, a mass-market attempt to chart the influence of "The World's First Prophet." Most Western readers know of Zarathustra through one of two sources:
    Nietzsche or the sound track to the movie 2001. Kriwaczek is either well aware of this himself, or has been told it by his Editors, so it's unsurprising that he starts from the Present and works backwards in time to discuss Zarathustra, the semi-mythical founder of Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism is widely regarded as the first mono-theistic religion, and it was the state religion up until the conquering of the Persian Empire by Arab Muslims in the Middle Ages.
    Unfortunately, islam has done a pretty decent job of suppressing Zoroastrianism in the same way that Christianity has done a good job of stamping out pre-Christian believes. After reading In Search of Zarathustra I was left with the following impressoin:
    Zoroaster was an actual person who lived-in south-central Asia in the bronze age (1600 BCish). At this time, the linguistic ancestors of Indian and Iranian speaking peoples lived together and practiced a religion analogous to that of the Rig Veda. Zoroaster was an old testament style prophet who basically presented a critique of the existing religion. This critique caught on with the Iranian speaking group, but not so much with the Indian speaking group. At first, Zoroastrianism caught on with isolated tribal (Iranian speaking) kingdoms in Central Asia, but was adopted by the Persian Empire as a state religion. This initial period was brought to a close by the conquest of Alexander the Great, but after that tide receded, Zorastianism was revived as a state sponsored cult, with the Emperor figuring prominently in the practice of the religion. Outside of it's heartland, Zorastianism became known via Roman Cult adoption (Mithraism) and the activities of New Testament era prophet Mani. Mani himself came from a group of Jewish-Christians in the area of the Persian Gulf, but the dominant religion at the time was Zoroastrianism, and it was incorporated into his "Manicheism" the same way Judaism is incorporated into Christianity and Islam.
    It is unknown, though highly likely, that Zoroastrian proselytizers were working in Central Asia during the time of the Huns. It is unknown, though likely, that Zorastrians were included among the Iranian speaking soldiers who fought on behalf of the Huns, Romans and Byzantine Armies, eventually settling down in Europe. It is unknown, though possible, that these soldiers influenced the development Bogomill church in Bosnia and the Cathar Heresy in Southern France: Two putatively "Christian" Churches that were stamped out by the Pope for heresy and had Zoroastrian sounding believes. Similarly, it is likely that these same soldiers influenced the aesthetic of the European Middle Ages by their successful example of Knighthood.
    Finally, it is known that Zorastrianism was basically eradicated by Islam everywhere except among the "Parsees" of India who have occupied the role of talented minority in that part of the world in a manner similar to the role of the Jews in the West.

Published 8/5/11
Four Cultures of the West
by John O'Malley
p. 2004
Harvard University Belknap Press


    I am of the opinion that you can't understand the present without a thorough grounding in the history of Christianity. It may be possible to be a thoroughly non-Christian western intellectual today, but that has only been true for about 20-30 years. Before that, even the anti-Christian writers and thinkers KNEW about Christianity because it was IMPOSSIBLE not to know. As a general rule, political liberals, intellectuals and hipsters spend more time mocking Christianity then understanding it- and that is a shame.
    It's one thing to say that the history of Christianity is important to know, it's quite another to find the right books to convey that knowledge. Half a millennium of religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants has introduced a ton of partisanship into the subject area. Thus, when I find a good writer on the subject- I stick with him. John O'Malley is one of he good ones, Catholic though he may be. Last year I read his excellent history of the Jesuit Order, The First Jesuits. Four Cultures of the West takes as it's starting point the contrast between "ATHENS AND JERUSALEM" i.e. the respective influences of the Hellenic Philosophers vs. Hebrew Prophets on Western Civilization, itemizing that overlapping influence by describing Four Cultures and talking about their modern descendants.
    Culture One is the culture of "Prophecy and Reform"- here he is talking about the culture that gave rise to "JERUSALEM": Hebrew prophets, Christian Saints & Luther and his disciples. This is a culture resistant to compromise and moderation.
    Culture Two is the culture of "The Academy and the Professions." This is the culture which arose out of Athens, developed into medieval scholasticism, then into the University. It's hard to ignore the impact of the University on our modern world but less easy to understand the relationship between the University and medieval Scholasticism.
    Culture Three is the culture of "Poetry, Rhetoric & The Common Good." This is the culture of what we would call today "The Gentleman"- educated but not scholarly- a culture that includes the Humanists of the Renaissance, the rhetorical orators of Rome and their spiritual descendants. Culture Three developed a strong critique of the Scholasticism of the medieval University that succeeded in transforming that institution into it's modern version.
    Culture Four is the culture of "Art and Performance"- this one is pretty self explanatory and probably the most familiar to readers of this blog since it includes popular music/popular culture, novels, etc. Unfortunately, O'Malley's discussion of Culture Four is largely comprised of a recounting of the Iconoclast/Iconophile debate that took place in Southern Europe during the early middle ages, so it actually turns out to be the weakest chapter of the whole book.
    Developed out of a lecture series, Four Cultures of the West is very readable- no specialized knowledge required. O'Malley's main point is not to describe each culture as independent from one another, but rather to note how they have influenced one another and how each has influenced the Modern World. Each of the four cultures has maintained relevance from Ancient times to Modern times. O'Malley is not trying to be totally inclusive- he acknowledges that he is omitting other significant cultures, such as the culture of the Germanic tribes on Rome's northern border, and the commercial/business culture that started in the early modern period. Ultimately, O'Malley has a strong thesis, and this book is a good introduction to the subject of Four Cultures of the West.



A map of Spanish Mexico at its greatest extent, more or less.

Published 8/8/11
Bonfires of Culture:
Franciscans, Indigenous Leaders, and Inquisition in Early Mexico, 1524-1540
by Patricia Lopes Don
p. 2010
University of California Press


    Just so you know, I buy most of the books I read according to price. Price is a main reason I read so many 18th and 19th century classics- they are ALWAYS for sale cheap on Amazon. So, when I spend 30 usd on a 250 page book, it had better deliver, and I'm pleased to say that Bonfires of Culture does just that.
    I didn't know there actually was a "Mexican Inquisition" until a year or two ago, when I learned of it by accident. The very fact of it's existence wasn't well explored into the mid 1960s, when Richard E. Greenleaf wrote The Mexican Inquisition of the Sixteenth Century. That book has the flaw of treating the Inquisition directed towards native beliefs (as supposed to heretical believes among Spanish immigrants.) as an unimportant minority of cases.
    Lopes, writing last year, fifty years after Greenleaf, has the advantage of the development of new source materials, i.e. the trial transcripts of the natives prosecuted by the Mexican Inquisition. She also has the benefit of new viewpoints on the institution of the Inquisition and new historical techniques like the use of "microhistory." The resulting work is a significant little package, helping any general reader to a clearly understanding of the early history of post-conquest Mexico.
    The approach of Bonfires of Culture is to look at individual trials and then link them to existing suppositions about Nahuatl/Spanish interaction. A beneficial spin-off of this approach is an absolutely killer bibliography on all the subjects surrounding the Inquisition, 16th century Spanish history and the history of the Conquest. Although Lopes repeatedly talks about "microhistory" and "close analysis" in the manner of academic buzz words, I think she sells her own work of synthesis in a complex field short. Having personally read about 5-10 books on the subject of Aztec history, I can say that her so-called "Microhistory" is waaaayyyy more coherent then "classic" texts on some of these subjects.
    The whole idea of basing historical analysis on documents extracted under pain of torture raises a host of histiographical questions, but if they are all ya got, then they all ya got. Certainly they represent the best source for documenting the persecution of native beliefs by the Spainards. It's important to credit the Inquisition as an institution of centralized "modern" government. The Inquisition was a tool the monarch granted to the local elites in communities of the Spanish Empire in order to make an alliance with social forces at the grassroots level.
    Because of that dynamic between King and local elites, there was always a concern with DOCUMENTING THE PROCEEDINGS. Though the rules of these proceedings may distress the modern reader, the procedures for documenting the trials was sophisticated and 'state of the art.' This concern was no less present in the Mexican Inquisition, even against the back drop of whole-sale extirpation of Native religious practices.
    The Mexican Inquisition only targeted Native leaders in a brief period- the highlight being the trial and burning at the stake of Don Carlos of Texcoco- the grandson of Nezhualcoyotl. As Lopez explains, the Inquisitor in Mexico was getting into the middle of an ongoing debate among various mendicant orders about whether the Indians could be and should be Christians (in the sense that the answer to that question for Jews of Spain was "yup" and the answer for Muslims had been first "no" and then "yup.") The Franciscians, who ran the Inquisition, took the position that mass conversion to Christianity was good enough, and worth while. Thus, the post-Conquest landscape in the valley of Mexico was broad and shallow: The official apparatus of state religion- temples, human sacrifice, was extinguished, but the non-official tradition of traveling spiritual advisers persisted alongside the continued practice of native religion in secret, outside (or underneath) major cities.
    This was an embarrassment for the Franciscans. They had rivals for the attention of the Spanish Monarch, plus there was a hearty pragmatic reason to leave the Natives alone- they outnumbered the Spanish conquerors by many hundreds for each Spaniard. Additionally, Cortes had allied with some of the local city-states (Altepemeh as they are known in Nahuatl.) and they had to be treated with a certain deference.
    Regardless of the risks, the Inquisitor of Mexico, a Basque by the name of Zumarraga, was out to prove a point. He managed to get his way for a few years, up to and including the burning of Don Carlos, but after that high-point cooler heads prevailed. It was simply illogical to hold the Native Americans to the same standards as Jews and Muslims inside of Spain. Ultimately, the tools of the Inquisition were ill suited to the task of achieving deeper conversions of the Meso-Americans.
    Thus, the sequence of events as it relates to prosecutions of Native practitioners of religion is short and too the point. First, Lopes describes the trial of Martin Ocelotl. Ocelotl was a Nahualli- roughly a travelling priest/wizard who took advantage of the rupture in state-sponsored religion to "fill the gap" as it were, at the same time acting as a go-between with Spaniards and Natives (and accumulating a small fortune in the process.) Here, we are on familiar ground for Zumarraga- traveling holy man, promises of miracles, healthy estate to confiscate-- easy to classify. Ocelotl was chased down with the help of local leaders (Tlahtoani) and sent to Spain for trial.
    Next, there were lower level free-floating millenarian types- the trial of Andres Mixcoatl is used as an example in Bonfires of Culture. These holy men capitalized on a specific ritual that had been part of the state centered religion in the valley of Mexico. This ritual involved choosing an individual to impersonate a specific God for an entire year and then sacrificing that person at the end of the year. The individual chosen would receive training to behave like the specific God and would then travel a circuit of locations where that God was important. Thus, the people of post-Conquest Mexico would readily accept a person claiming to ACTUALLY be a God because they had historically accepted people who were ACTING like a God.
    Again though, Zumarraga is on familiar ground for the Inquisition. Wandering holy man, preaching against Christianity, yadda, yadda burn him at the stake. It wasn't until Zumarraga expanded his reach to the local non-religious leaders of local communities that he got into trouble, and it was this move that effectively ended the Mexican Inquisition as far as local practices went. While Zumarraga was prosecuting the wandering holy men, he became aware of the purported existence of Huitzilopochtlis- basically packets of what we would call "Holy Relics" that were kept for each God that was important to the Native leadership.
    As it turns out, Montezuma had the foresight to send these bundles out of the city right before they were overrun, keeping alive the idea of a return to power for the King or a successor. Zumarraga became a leeeetle bit obsessed with these Huitzilopochtlis and sent out the message to the farther reaches of the Valley of Mexico.
    Although his attempts to locate these relics turned out to be fruitless, they did have the side effect of uncovering a native informant who testified that Don Carlos, the Tlahatoani of Texcoco was committing heresy. Don Carlos did burn at the stake, the prosecution ended up raising the ire of the Monarch. A strategic decision was made by the Crown to move away from high profile prosecutions of Native leaders because they were counterproductive.
    One of the themes that becomes clear from Bonfires of Culture is that the initial response of the elites of the Mexico Valley to the Spanish Conquest was to treat the Spanish as a new Altepemeh- a people worthy of respect, but who would be integrating into the existing Mentalite/Weltanschauung/World View. They saw Jesus Christ as "another God." The pre-Contact Aztec Empire had really been a triple alliance of city-states, Texcoco and Tlaque being in alliance with Montezuma's Tentochitlan (Mexico City.) While Montezuma had been directly conquered, Texcoco actually came under the control of a member of the royal house- out of favor in Texcoco during the period prior to Cortes landing, who allied with Cortes.
    Over time, it would be incumbent on the Spanish to affirmatively go out and convert Natives in Mexico, not expect them to just give up their existing believes. The Inquisition was a detour on this route, and it is to the credit of Spain that this was recognized within a decade- even as the Inquisition stayed in full force for centuries on the Spanish mainland.

Published 8/8/11
The Mexican Inquisition of the Sixteenth Century
by Richard E. Greenleaf
University of New Mexico
p. 1969


    When you are talking about the present, it's appropriate to reference the past. One of the main flaws of the discipline of history has been the habit of omitting "bad facts" as lawyers call them: Facts that are true, but lead to unpleasant conclusions about the present. In this regard, the organized persecution of minorities is a mother-load of unpleasant facts. We are talking about facts that are often obtained under torture, facts that led to mass-murder but facts, none the less, and often facts where no other written record exists, so therefore, useful facts despite their unpleasantness.
    The use of Inquisition trial transcripts as a legitimate source for the study of history in the US only dates till the mid 1960s- specifically, this book by Richard Greenleaf. Although Greenleaf points to the existence of two books about New Mexico. The idea of using Inquisition transcripts as a source for "micro-history" or as some would call it "writing about some guy from the past" was either developed or popularized by an Italian professor, Carlo Ginzburg- an Italian who wrote his big hits in the 60s and 70s but continues to be a force in historical study to today.
    Thus, when it comes to looking at various Inquisitions, there are multiple potential sources: Papal, Spanish, Mexican, with records kept in different places. Due to the overwhelming tendency to ignore these records in the first part of the 20th century, history has a lot of catching up to do when it comes to simply cataloging all the interesting historical information in these records, and Greenleaf's The Mexican Inquisition of the Sixteenth Century is a call to arms in that regard.
    Greenleaf is not writing micro-history, rather he's writing exactly what he says he's writing in the title, simply using previously ignored materials in a new way. Greenleaf's book is useful in a way that micro-historical books are not in that it purports to summarize the phenomenon discussed. When you buy a book called The Mexican Inquisition of the Sixteenth Century, you want to find out when it was, who were the main players, where it happened, how big it was, etc.
    To understand the history of the Mexican Inquisition of the Sixteenth Century requires understanding the intercine political struggles of various mendicant orders in Spain during their Age of Empire. I won't bore you with the details but the main players were the Dominicans and the Franciscans, with the Augustinian's playing a diminished/secondary role. The Mexican Inquisition was mainly concerned with heresy among the European settlers and their descendants. After a brief period going after Natives (discussed previously) after the 1540s the Inquisition settled down and focused on the important people: Conversos and shipwrecked English pirates.
    As an aside, this a phenomenon that persisted in countries settled by Spain well into the 19th century. Specifically, the book on whaling I read talks about Protestant sailors being imprisoned and even burned at the stake because of their Protestantism. That's...pretty embarrassing for those (South American) countries.
    The funniest, and I do mean funniest, part of this book is the idea that the Spaniards, faced with their own, 16th century version of the "Wild West" thought it was a swell idea to send over Priests to prosecute wealthy land-owners out in the provinces for taking the lord's name in vain. I don't care what economic persuasion you follow, harassing the moving and shakers of your colonial economy for petty religious crimes is NO WAY to develop a colony. That's not a moral judgment, just a practical judgment.
    And I'll just say up front that I think there is a direct link behind this sort of behavior during the 16th century and the kind of place that Mexico has become in the 21st century. Specifically, Mexico, like many other ex-colonies, have a weak civil society BY DESIGN. Like, the governments of the afflicted nations have Governments and Elites that conspired AGAINST civil society for generations and across political lines. Personally, I think the way to "solve" the problems different countries face is not to fund the government but to fund the opposite of the government, the voluntary associations that Alexis De Tocqueville wrote about on his tour of America.
    Within our country, the debate between limited government types and the rest shares a common ground in the idea that in a functioning democracy the federal government draws the lines but doesn't color in the picture. It's embodied repeatedly in the legal principles of our constitution- that states can do more but not less then what the feds require, and that the people are the reservoir of residual, non-enumerated rights. Mexico was missing that back in the 16th century, and they are missing it today.

Published 8/27/11
The Evolution of Technology
by George Basalla
p. 1988
Cambridge University Press


    This is a great book- it's only two hundred pages long, written without technical language or lengthy end notes, and it goes a great way towards demolishing many conceptions that normal educated people have about the role of technology in our society. The number one myth that Basalla targets is the idea of the 'heroic inventor'- a concept that has been peddled by two hundred years of corporate propaganda and patent law. The second myth that Basalla tackles is science's claims that science is what leads to technological innovation. Finally, The Evolution of Technology provides a variety of theories about why the human need for novelty- which is a universal, rather than western, characteristic, shapes technological innovation.
    According to Basalla, technology evolves in that humans make variations of existing things, and the new things supplant the old things in "evolutionary" fashion over time. One of the main underlying assumptions that Basalla uses to construct his model of evolutionary technology is by linking the modern post-industrial revolution led proliferation of machines and inventions to the earliest attempts by humans to make knives and axes from rocks.
    Basalla places the responsibility for the modern divergence between western and non-western technological innovation squarely on the Renaissance- Basalla points out that many of what Marx would call "pre-conditions" for technological advance in the 17th and 18th century in the West were firmly established by hits of the Renaissance- indeed the intense craving for novelty which characterizes modern (not to mention post-modern) civilization is a direct product of the Renaissance.
    Later, the acceleration of technological innovation that culminated in the industrial revolution was a competition of the general culture of novelty, coupled with specific economic factors, like "supply" and "demand." For example, in 18th century England, Mill owners were paying ALOT for union weavers to super intend the non-automatic weaving process. They paid inventors to create machines, to specifically get rid of these workers.
    Basalla is equally skeptical of the technologically based "religion of progress" and spends some time discussing the abject failure of technologies like super sonic air transport, electric cars (!) and nuclear cargo ships.
    There are probably some interesting observations to be made about the vinyl record- an example of a technological innovation being discarded and reclaimed- not a frequent occurence.

Civilizations of the Western American Deserts
Published 9/20/11





    The California Desert is a large portion of an even larger desert Eco System that stretches all the way up to Eastern Oregon, across the American states of Nevada and Utah up to the Rocky Mountains, and then includes Arizona, New Mexico and West Texas, as well as North and Central Mexico.
    Linguists have hypothesized that the dominant language family in the larger American Desert scene, Uto-Aztecan, had a northern and southern branch, and that the northern branch probably came from the Death Valley area of California, that the southern branch came from Mexico, and that the language itself came from today's Arizona. It's also well accepted that there were complex civilizations in this desert area as early as 500 A.D. What scholars don't know is what language the people in those civilizations spoke. They do know that these civilizations collapsed around 1200-1300 AD and that people generally moved south, from Utah and Nevada to Arizona and New Mexico, and from Az/NM into Mexico proper. This movement is echoed in the origin myths of the Aztecs, who claimed that they had "come from the North."
    Although no one knows for sure what "happened" to these lost civilizations of the Western American Desert, it doesn't take a lot of imagination to point at climate change as a culprit. But looking at the ruins as well as the successor cultures, it seems fair to say that this North American civilization of the European Middle Ages- likely developed by Northern branch speaking Uto-Aztecans and incorporating other pre-existing linguistic groups and groups that migrated towards the larger settlements- belongs among the ranks of "known" World Civilizations.
    You could say that they "barely" qualify on the basis of simply having some kind of water sharing arrangement and an organized religion of some sort, but based on my experience in this landscape, their achievement was damn impressive.
    I think you can almost make an argument that even today this period is a "lost" civilization and requires further inquiry.

Published 9/29/11
Maya Resistance to Spanish Rule:
Time and History on A Colonial Frontier
by Grand D. Jones
p. 1989
UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO PRESS


    Although it's easy to think of books on academic subjects as existing outside the market economy, it isn't true. Academic titles have long been a part of the "rare" book trade, and Amazon and other on-line vendors now put that market on line for anyone to see. For instance, this book sells for between 50 and 150 bucks on Amazon. In this case, it's a price directly attributable to Maya Resistance being "Out of Print" or "OOP" as they say on Ebay, but it also shows a steady demand for the title and multiple sellers who think they can get 50 bucks for it.
    Mayan studies have always been hampered by the traditional "Classic" and "Post-Classic" distinction, with the "Classic" period (lasting only until 900 AD or so) DOMINATING the scholarship. This, despite the fact that the actual existing civilization that the Spanish contacted was the "Post Classic" variety. Western scholars have been like children, drawn to big ostentatious temples and eschewing the harder, less glamorous work of unraveling the situation immediately prior to and after post-Spanish contact.
    At the time of contact, post-classic Mayans were organized into a series of regional kingdoms that practiced agriculture, trade and shared a generally organized religion. After the "collapse" the regional Mayan kingdoms, located across the Yucatan peninsula and the areas of Belize and Guatemala, were gradually influenced/infiltrated and in some cases out-right conquered by Nahua speaking peoples who were typically bearing the culture of the Toltec/Aztec/Mexico City area.
    Cortes's conquest of the Aztec Empire did not directly concern the Maya succesor states, but it was only a matter of time before the Spanish consolidated their control over the Yucatan region, founding the cities of Merida in Valladolid. These towns, located in the far North of the Yucatan bump, were supposedly in control of an area reaching all the way to Guatemala- a distance of 500+ miles- most of it solid jungle and jungle mountains.
    After the Spanish arrived, the Mayans began to drift southward, into the remaining regional Kingdoms that had not been conquered by the Spanish. Because the terrain was so difficult and the Mayans so resistant, the period between the mid 16th century and the 19th involved lengthy periods where the Mayans in the southern part of their original territory remained independent and actually repulsed Spanish colonization attempts on multiple occasions.
    Resistance was concentrated inside the Mayan state centered around the modern lake Peten Itza. The relationship was defined by weak Spanish attempts to colonize- a real lack of will, you might say, combined with determined but low level organized resistance, which largely focused on convincing subjects of Spanish rule to escape to the south. The Spanish, in turn, supported themselves by forcing the natives to provide Cocoa and Wax for export. Thus, this pattern led to multiple Spanish attempts to "Reduce" the run-aways via small scale military expeditions into the bush.
    At several points, this back and forth elicited actual attacks by the Maya on nearby settlements- killing people (Spanish and collaborating Indians) and cutting out their hearts, staking them through their rectums, but there were also multiple visits by the Spanish to the heart of the Itza hold-out Kingdom- only some of which ended with the Spanish being murdered by the (justifiably) pissed-off Itza.
    One of the best single stories in this book is how, during an early visit by the Spanish to Lake Peten Itza, they found the Mayans worshiping a horse idol- apparently Cortes, during his early barnstorming tour of the area, had left the Mayans with a horse, and the horse died, and then they started worshiping a statue of the horse. Despite the fact that the Spanish realized they had to be on their best behaviors, one of the Spanish priests couldn't control himself: He smashed the idol to bits and started lecturing the Natives on the evils of their idolatry. Not only did that particular mission not end well, it was being cited by defiant Maya for a century afterwards. I'm sympathetic.
    In fact, the Spanish come off like a bunch of bumbling morons- Jones actually says that the main extract from this entire historical period is how the Spanish failed to not only modify a failing colonial policy (forced extraction from the native population, punishment and increased burdens for those that rebelled) but failed to even recognize the flaws in the policy. And this is over a period of a century and a half.
    An important aspect to understand about the Mayan/Spanish colonial experience in this region (modern Belize/Guatemala is how small the population groups were. In this entire 300 page book there isn't a single mention of a city/town/village with more then 1000 people. Most of the towns involved have about 100 Indians, Spanish or mix. All of the armed forces involved in conflict range from 10-40 people. So it was more like a long running, low intensity guerrilla war that lasted until the Spanish "conquered" the Peten Itza centered kingdom at the turn of the 18th century.
    It's also important to recognize this north-south dynamic. The southern Petin Basin was both the original "Mayan heartland" and the place where the last Mayan kingdom held out BUT, at some point, the local post-classic successors were usurped by Northern Refugees. Thus, the classic ruin of Chichen Itza is in the north, at the site of the present day Spanish town of Merida and the ruling priests of the Peten Itza lake said they had come, from the north. So there was some conflict between the folks who "never left" and the folks who had actually lived under Spanish rule. That's probably a universal dynamic in the communities of partially colonized peoples. Some people 'don't get it', others 'don't like it,' others 'want to be like it.' the it being the colonizing culture.
    How the non-colonized/partially colonized community reacts seems to be critical in the success rate, with history's "winners" being imitators and the losers being the 'don't get it' and 'don't like it' groups.


Published 10/4/11
The World of The Huns
by Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen
University of California Press
p. 1973


    The Huns sacked the Western Roman Empire in the mid 5th century AD and were the straw in the drink of the so-called Dark Ages. With them, the Huns brought Germans (then known as Goths), Scandinavians (Gespids), Alans (Iranian language speaking white folks from Central Asia) and the Huns themselves. Despite their historical importance, little is known about the Huns because their language was not written and the Romans of the time had more important things to do then write histories of the folks who were sacking their Empire.
    Maenchen-Helfen's book is an unfinished masterpiece- he emigrated from Nazi Germany, ended up teaching at UC Berkeley, but he died before The World of the Huns could be finished. Even in it's unfinished state, it's quite the accomplishment. Maenchen-Helfen draws upon sources written in Latin, Chinese, Persian, Armenian and Arabic.
    There was nothing especially original about the Huns or their methods. Basically, they practiced the Iranian style of mounted horsemen using composite bows. They would ride up to Roman (or Barbarian armies, then retreat and shoot their arrows at the opposing soldiers. They didn't invent this method of combat- it was much in evidence during the centuries long wars between the Romans and the Parthians and Sassanids in the northern part of the Middle East during the 2nd and 3rd century. However they did bring their hordes right onto the doorstep of the Roman Empire and then sacked the shit out of it.

Published 10/9/11
The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom
by Grant D. Jones
p. 1998
Stanford University Press

    I just finished reading another book by this author on the Maya. Specifically, Maya Resistance to Spanish Rule: Time and History on a Colonial Frontier. That book ends where this one picks up, i.e. the conquest of the last Maya Kingdom at the end of the 17th century. It's what I would call a Werner Herzogian story, replete with forced labor, needless death, insane ambition and pointless conquest. In fact, I'm a little surprised that Herzog never made a movie about this story, but that might be explained by the fact that the first book written on the subject since the conquest itself WAS PUBLISHED IN 1998. How's that for forgotten history?
    The last Mayan Kingdom was located around the area of Lake Peten Itza. At the time of initial European contact, the Mayans lived in a bunch of related Kingdoms on the Yucatan peninsula. The main Kingdom at the time of the original contact was known as Chichen Itza, the present day Mexican city of Merida, but basically there were several Kingdoms extending through much of southern Mexico, Guatemala and Belize. Some of these Kingdoms had been strongly influenced by the Mexica/Aztec vibe, others were more traditionally Mayan.
    When the Spanish arrived, they immediately instituted their system of forced labor- resembling European feudalism. Quite sensibly, this spurred migration by the Mayans from the North to the South. Allegedly the rulers of the last Mayan Kingdom had themselves emigrated from the North within the last century, but they co-existed with local Mayan speakers who had never left.
    This complicated territorial dynamic between the newcomers, and the never-lefts was something that the Spaniards never really understood, and since this is the first book length treatment of this subject EVER, it's fair to say that until Jones spoke up, no one else understood it either.
    The last Mayan Kingdom was ruled in complex fashion. There were five sets of paired kings/high priests, four of which ruled for the communities living to the north/south/east/west of the capital. The last pair ruled the capital itself. It's quite clear from Jones' source material that the time immediately preceding and succeeding the Spanish conquest of the last Mayan Kingdom was a time of civil war among the Maya- and that this civil war prevented the Maya from implementing a coherent strategy of resistance.
    Various factions among the Maya advocated radically different strategies. The main/central King was what you would call an accommodationist- to the point where he sent a nephew of his north- in secret- to be converted to Christianity and pledge loyalty to the Spanish King. A couple years later this created an awkward scene when the Spaniards showed up and gave him European style clothes symbolizing the submission of the entire Kingdom to the Spanish.
    As you could imagine, this created conflict among the other four Kings- none of whom were aware of what the central King had done. Thus, after this point- which is still a year or two before the conquest, the "main" Mayan King basically lost all authority over his own people and created a climate where conflict between Mayans who wanted to resist and those who wanted to accommodate.
    There were several skirmishes before the final invasion- skirmishes marked by Spanish missionaries and the odd soldier being attacked and having their heart ripped out. When the Spanish finally did conquer the capital- an island city in lake Peten Itza- it was a fucking disaster marked by famine and plague. At the same time, there was a lengthy period of civil war among the Itza themselves- specifically between those who helped the Spanish survive and those who wanted the Spanish to leave.
    In the end, the area wouldn't recover until outside immigration picked up in the 1950s. The invasion itself happened in 1699- so we're talking about three and half centuries of recovery time. As I said- it's a Herzogian story. Someone ought to make a movie. What's Mel Gibson doing?
    Attila and his Horde didn't much persist after the death of the man himself. Part of the problem is that the Hunnic hordes, being poly-ethnic, didn't have a "nation state" mentality- more like a "we are only going to stick around until we can get the hell out of here." Thus, after Attila's death, the Goths- serving as his lieutenants, rebelled against his successors and started their own statelets. Also, Germanic speaking peoples were pushed into Europe from the Russian plains in an attempt to flee the Huns.
    Prior to the hey day of Attila, the Huns were often paired with the Alans- an Iranian language speaking people from the Northern Caucuses. However, after 400 AD the Alans split with the Huns and settled in Southern France and the Balkans, where they were a potential source of Zoarastrian/Cathar ideas in Europe.
    As to the ethnic/racial/linguistic characteristics of the Huns, Maenchen-Helfen, comes down on the side of the Huns being poly-racial- being a mix of "Mongoloid" and "Europoid" peoples, but speaking a Turkic language. SO NOW YOU KNOW

Published 11/1/11
MEXICO
by Erico Verissimo
p. 1957
Orion Press
Translated from the Portuguese by Linton Barrett


    I bought this book from the very excellent Sage Brush Press in Yucca Valley, CA. In fact, this book review is largely an opportunity for me to wax rhapsodic about this book store. Not to be an effete snob, but a top notch used book store is the LAST thing you'd expect to find in Yucca Valley, except for the fact that Yucca Valley has some of the best antique shop/mall AND vintage/thrift stores in the Greater Southern California Area. AND Desert Hot Springs, CA is "on the way" to Yucca Valley, and that city has it's own vintage/thrift stores.
    As far as I can tell, Sage Brush Press is run by this couple. Any GOOD book stores will have a "HOARDERS" vibe- it comes with the territory. Recently, I've become interested in the idea that you could find some great old book from the 50s or 60s- something out of print- non-fiction- and reprint it with a new introduction in an "ebook" format, and then just pay royalties to the copy right holder like you do when you cover a song.
    I was very much in that mind as I read Erico Verissimo's "MEXICO"- which was printed in this nice hard back edition with a purple and orange 60s graphic cover. I would think if you were doing an "Ebook" you'd want a similar kind of catchy cover- in the same way you need to have a good 1" by 1" version of an LP cover that you publish. Erico Verissimo is said by wiki to be, "an important Brazilian writer" who wrote both fiction and non-fiction. Mexico is a combination travelogue/artistic criticism/philosophical musings along the lines of an Octavio Paz, a Borges, a Llosa, but a little more down to earth, and couched in the manner of a travelogue. Seriously, this book, written in 1959, could appear in the New Yorker tomorrow and people would be like, "Yeah- interesting stuff, it's not dated at all."
    One of the things you could do in an ebook for a book like this book is link the text to public domain photographs of places discussed in the text. Verissimo actually travels BY BUS through Mexico in the early 1950s and it's a pretty quiet time. It sounds a lot like the world of Hemingway in the 1930s or Europe in general in the pre World War II era. I.E. a pretty chill vibe. Verissimo actually gets into lengthy conversations with some of the premier authors of the time/place (mexico/1950s) and they share their opinions about Mexico freely with the author.
    I can't help wonder how many of these books were actually printed to begin with. 500? 1000? 100? I have no idea. This literary Brazilian perspective on the Mexico of middle 20th century is interesting, that's for sure. A welcome shift in perspective, let's say.

Published 12/29/11
The Great Game:
The Struggle For Empire in Central Asia
by Peter Hopkirk
p. 1990
Kodansha International

    The Great Game is a name for the geo-political struggle between Russia and the U.K. for supremacy in the region that we today call Central Asia, the Chinese Far West and Afghanistan. This struggle, which bears many similarities to more recent conflicts in this region, took place during the 19th century.
    The gist of the conflict pitted an expansive Russian Empire against the defensive British Colony of India (today's India and Pakistan.) Then, as was the case in the 1980s, the concern was with Russian expansion towards the Indian Ocean. In the 19th century, it was the British who got their ass handed to them by the Afghani's- in particular during the first Afghani War of the 1840s the Brits lost 16,000 men from their occupying force- during the course of their retreat- from an Army that numbered about 16,000.
    Aside from the to-and-fro of the British occupying strategically important countries like Afghanistan, the Great Game was a contest between the secret agents of Britain and Russia- trying to bring disparate Central Asian Despots "into the fold." Along the way many people- British and Russians- lost their lives in ways directly and indirectly related to the conflict.
    The Great Game very much pre-saged the cloak and dagger aspects of the Russian/Western Cold War in the 20th century- secret codes, spies, murky geo-political ambitions- it was all there in the 19th century. The Brits and Russians even had their own Cold Warriors- called Anglophobes on the Russian side and Russophobes on the British. These partisan created their own body of literature that excited much popular comment, much as similar literature created excited during the 20th century cold war.
    I can't help but wonder to what extent the American Government was familiar with the narrative of the Great Game in the aftermath of 9/11, and why, exactly, they thought our intervention would end any differently then the intervention of the Russians and British in the 19th century. Afghanistan is a bloody place, best keep your distance, is my view.

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