The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) by Mark Twain

 1,001 Novels: A Library of America

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)

 by Mark Twain

Hannibal, Missouri

Missouri: 9/12

   Huckleberry Finn is as relevant as it has ever been by virtue of the controversy it continues to engender by being both a stone-cold literary classic for young people AND the biggest remaining bastion of the use of the "N-word" left in society.  Listening to the Audiobook made me think of the relationship of Twain to Cervantes and Don Quixote.  It also put me in mind of The Confidence Man by Herman Melville.  As to the former, Twain was surely familiar, as to the later, he surely was not- Melville being well forgotten and The Confidence Man having made no contemporaneous impression.  That got me thinking about Huckeberry Finn itself, and the publication history- turned out that Twain started his OWN publishing company and sold Huckleberry Finn, the contemporary equivalent of selling your fashion line on QVC or self-publishing on Amazon.   I know that the publication history of Don Quixote itself was somewhat complicated in the English language- it is an epic tale and translation standards in the 18th century were loose to the point of non-existent in terms both of care and fidelity of the source material. 

Schoolgirl (1939) by Osamu Dazai

Book Review

Schoolgirl (1939)

by Osamu Dazai

Translation from Japanese 

Allison Markin 2011

  Japanese fiction is interesting because it combines a centuries long tradition of native fiction- mostly literature of the court type stuff with mostly twentieth century developments in Western literature, with many published authors coming from a background in western literary studies.   The limit on absorption of these authors by western readers has been a lack of translation and the general lack of interest of English-speaking readers in non-English fiction, but times have been changing.  These days, there are well respected yearly literary awards on both sides of the Atlantic for best translated fiction into English.  Personally, I believe both the E-book and Audiobook format have opened some doors for translated fiction as publishers refine their ideas of what and how they can sell books not written originally in English. 

  I thought Schoolgirl was interesting because it is a kind of proto-existentialist text written from the POV of a young woman at a time (the 1930's) when the idea of a "youth culture" was still emerging in the west. This makes Dazai a trailblazer in this regard, and it is interesting that the English translation I read didn't even happen until 2011. It's a brief read and well worth the time for anyone interested in pre-World War II literature from whatever part of the globe

The Book Woman of Troublesome Creek(2019) by Kim Michele Richardson

 1,001 Novels: A Library of America

The Book Woman of Troublesome Creek (2019) 

by Kim Michele Richardson

Sigman Road, Troublesome Creek, Kentucky

Kentucky: 8/16

   During the Work Projects Administration, the Federal Government paid women to schlep library books into the hollows of Kentucky.  Also, in Kentucky there was a family of "Blue People"- the Fugates, who due the chance marriage of a French immigrant to a local girl, inherited a recessive genetic trait that caused their skin to turn blue from a lack of oxygen in the blood.  The Book Woman of Troublesome Creek combines these two true stories into a single novel about a woman- called Bluet, who is the last, blue-skinned woman of her kind, and works for the WPA as a book woman.   Truly, author Kim Michele Richardson stuck some kind of thematic alchemy with her combination of the two subjects, making The Book Woman uncommonly affecting for a book of this type. 

  Most notably was her classification as a "colored' person alongside the only African American woman in the valley.  This part of the book seemed a little far-fetched, since I've made through the entire deep south with many not black but not white characters and it seems like a blue skinned woman of EUROPEAN ancestry would not be classified as "colored."  To me, that sounds more like a definition you would have come across in the urban north, where groups like the Irish and Italians were commonly discriminated against and referred to as non-white, in spite of their European ancestry.

The Dollmaker (1954) by Harriette Arnow

 1,001 Novels: A Library of America

The Dollmaker (1954)

by Harriette Arnow

Pulaski County, Kentucky

Kentucky: 7/16

  Calling The Dollmaker a Kentucky novel is a little misleading, in that the vast majority of this 500 page plus book takes place squarely within Detroit, Michigan.  It's about Kentucky as much as a novel about a New York City immigrant family from Italy is about Italy.  It's also a melodrama, a genre so down on its luck that it has become a pejorative adjective.  Arnow's heroine is a plucky housewife from the holler with a talent for whittling.   During World War II, her husband, a coal miner with a talent for "tinkering" finds work as a skilled machinist in a War factory.   The wife puts up a small amount of resistance before she whisks herself and her children off to city live circa World War II era Detroit.  Spoiler alert: It sucks and she hates it.

  The Dollmaker is squarely in the "protagonist never leaves the house" quarter of the 1,001 Novels: A Library of America.  This lady gets herself and her family to the apartment/townhouse in Detroit, and thereafter she leaves the immediate of the vicinity once for a visit to the school of her children, once to the hospital to accompany an injured child and that is it. End of list. Twice in over five hundred pages of text.  The Dollmaker reminds me of Malone Dies by Samuel Beckett.  Basically, all this lady does is worry and eventually she makes some dolls.  Her children adjust to urban life with varying degrees of success, and not for the first time in this chapter I am reminded that the "upward mobility through education" style American dream doesn't work for children who are taught to feel "less than" at school.

 Another theme from the Kentucky Appalachian area is that holler culture is not the product of degenerate's inbreeding, rather it represents a migration of a specific sort of people: white immigrants who mostly came from the borderlands of England and Scotland without much organization or forethought, settling where no one else wanted the land.  The whole point of mountain Kentucky was to escape elites telling them what to do and how to live, and that persists to today.  It wasn't like there was some well-organized period and then things fell out- Kentucky hill people were the same from the 18th century to the present in their cultural characteristics.

True Grit (1968) by Charles Portis

 1,001 Novels: A Library of America

True Grit (1968)

by Charles Portis

Yell County, Arkansas

Arkansas: 1/8

   Arkansas has to be one of the least literary of the United States of America. True Grit is the only title out of the eight from this state I'd ever heard of before the 1,001 Novels project.  I listened to an Audiobook edition narrated by Donna Tartt, of all people.  As she explains in the afterword, True Grit is one of her favorite books, so she leapt at the chance to be the voice of Mattie Ross, the diminutive narrator and protagonist of the revenge tale best known for the movie version with John Wayne as US Marshall Rooster Cogburn.   Tartt wrote an interesting afterword where she speculates on why such a classic novel (I agree) is hardly read anymore- she places the blame at the feet of the John Wayne starring movie (there was a more recent version with Jeff Bridges and Hailee Steinfeld as Mattie Ross) for being a successful dumbing-down of the plot of the book. 

  True Grit was a real discovery for me- I raced through the Audiobook.  I thought Mattie Ross was a delightful character, and Donna Tartt fairly amazed me with her voicing of the text.  Surely the best novel from Arkansas in the 1,001 Novels project.

Weeds (1923) by Edith Summers Kelley

 1,001 Novels: A Library of America

Weeds (1923) 

by Edith Summers Kelley

Scott County, Kentucky

Kentucky: 6/16

    Author Edith Summers Kelley is the attraction here.  She was a Greenwich village hipster and was engaged to Upton Sinclair for a couple years.  Ended up marrying his roommate, that marriage fell apart, then she married another artist, they moved to Kentucky and cosplayed/larped as tobacco farmers for a few years.  They then relocated to the Imperial Valley desert outside of San Diego- one of my favorite places, where she wrote a second novel about pioneering out in the Imperial Valley.  The second novel was never published, the first fell out of print and was later rediscovered and republished, which also led to her other novel being republished.  Kelley ended up in San Diego- the postscript of the edition I read had an interview with her.

  In that sense, Weeds is just about as inauthentic as a book could be, but the fact that it was published in 1923 excuses the inauthencity, as does the proto feminist POV.   A theme I've noticed from the older novels in Kentucky is an attention to dialect that seems almost Joycean.  I'm almost distracted by the linguistic questions that "Hillbilly" raises.  These days, people recognize that the way people speak in the western Appalachians is not a degraded version of the King's English but its own dialect that is closer to the English of the colonial era than any other remaining.  Thus, a novel set in 1920's Kentucky can put us closer to the 18th century then a 19th century novel set in New England or New York. 

Finn (2007) by John Clinch

 1,001 Novels: A Library of America

Finn (2007)

by John Clinch

100 Center St, Hannibal, Missouri

Missouri: 8/12

    I was surprised that Jim, by Percival Everett wasn't included in this chapter of the 1,001 Novels: A Library of America project.  I suppose Jim wasn't published until after editor had made her picks, but it is hard to imagine a world where the audience is better served by this book, a full-ass novel about Huckleberry Finn's disolute father.  As told by Clinch, Finn is the neer do well son of the local Judge, called "The Judge" from whom he inherits a virulent racism and little else.  Finn the elder is a knock-down, drag-out alcoholic, and the entire book is punctuated by his physical need to get drunk every single day of his life.  In this telling, Finn is of mixed-race, his Mother being a run-away slave that Finn the elder "rescues" after her father is caught in the attempt to hijack a paddleboat to freedom in Illinois.  The virulent racism of The Judge is notable, even after my sweep through the deep south of Alabama and Mississippi- it's long been observed that the worst racists are people who don't have many interactions with black people, and the Judge fits that description- he is known in the book for being alone in having a white servant family instead of black slaves. 

  Finn the elder can fairly be described as a horrific monster, based on his behavior in the book. I was surprised when I listened to an author interview that ran after the Audiobook, when Clinch said that readers he talked to found themselves rooting for Finn despite his notable flaws.  Not me.

River of Earth (1940) by James Still

1,001 Novels: A Library of America

River of Earth (1940)

by James Still

Knott County, Kentucky

Kentucky: 5/16

   I don't think there has been a single work of art talking about the benefits of working in a coal mine. Similar to the art surrounding factory work, contemporary readers might wonder how places like coal mines and nineteenth century factories found anyone to work at all.  The truth is that work that now has a terrible reputation represented an upgrade for most people, like the seasonal coal miners in this book, who work in the coal mine when its open and tend to their hardscrabble family patches when it is not. 

  Something I've noticed is that precious few works of art dealing with this subject actually take place INSIDE the mine or factory, rather what you get is the impact the work has on the workers and their families outside the work environment.  I'd be more interested to read a novel about what it is like to work in a coal mine then what the experience is like seeing one's dad work in the mine, which is the situation here.

  I give extra points for any book in the 1,001 Novels project that is published before 1970, but other than the dialect, I wasn't a huge fan of River of Earth.

Somebody Else’s Mama (1995) by David Haynes

 1,001 Novels: A Library of America

Somebody Else’s Mama (1995)

 by David Haynes 

River Ridge, Missouri

Missouri: 7/11

  The closest geographical neighbor to Somebody Else's Mama is Winters Bone, but tonally the books couldn't be set farther apart. Somebody Else's Mama is set in River Ridge, Missouri, an all-black town near the Mississippi River.  This is a multi-generatonal family saga with a husband/wife/2 teen sons set up reflecting the present and past relationships with their mother's.  Specifically, the plot centers around the wife taking in the mother of the husband, moving her from St. Paul, Minneapolis, to this town in Missouri, where her husband was the longtime mayor and himself the son of an almost unbelievable founder figure who owns most of what counts in the town.  So soon after reading The Warmth of Other Sons I found myself wishing for more information about this founding grandfather, but alas, most of what we get is the wife complaining about their life together.   

  The wife of her husband has her own interesting story- the only daughter of a wealthy St. Louis area insurance agent and his widowed wife.  Their complicated relationship in the past is contrasted wit the complicated "sandwich generation" dynamics of the present.  I do find that the plight of the upper-class American housewife strikes similar notes regardless of the era and ethnicity of the housewife in question. 

The Weight of Blood (2014) by Laura McHugh

 1,001 Novels: A Library of America

The Weight of Blood (2014)

by Laura McHugh

Henbane, Missouri

Missouri: 6/11

  It is hard for me to read Ozark set noir without thinking about the Netflix drama, Ozark, with Jason Bateman.  There is a strong connection between Ozark noir and Appalachia noir: characters who live in or around a "holler."   Few non-white people of ANY kind in evidence. Generally speaking, a world where the lives of people, particularly children are cheap. The Weight of Blood ticks all those boxes, with a story about an attractive Iowa orphan who "ages out' of the foster system and unwittingly signs a labor contract with a man who is going to turn her into a prostitute.  She thwarts his scheme by marrying his brother.  They have a child, who is the central protagonist, interspersed with flashback chapters from the POV of the Mom (now gone) and the two brothers, as well. 

  I think the plot is meant to be a thriller in terms of finding out what actually happened to the Mom of the protagonist and solving the gruesome murder of a local wayward teen.  Normally I'd take a shot along the lines of these characters are uninteresting because they don't do anything or go anywhere, but that is not quite the case here- probably because the central mother/daughter pair are outsiders (half outsider) and the two brothers are well off and reasonably sophisticated about the world.